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Regulation of Community Based Water and Sanitation (January Review)

Sunday, February 1, 2015

The following is a review of blog posts on the regulation of community based water and sanitation in Indonesia to date. This posts reflects ongoing research by CRPG.


  1. "Opportunities and Challenges in Integrating Community-Based Water Services into the Legal Framework". This is my original 2013 draft paper on the regulation of community based watsan in Indonesia. Read more.
  2. "Ringkasan analisa pengaruh adat dalam proyek infrastruktur air"(in Bahasa Indonesia). The article summarizes our research on the influence of Adat (local custom) in community based water projects in East Nusa Tenggara province. Read more.
  3. "From the field: HIPPAMS Tirto Agung". A summary of our visit to one of the successful Community Based Organization in East Java. Read more.
  4. "The relationship between community based water services and regional water utility". Our research explores the conflict and (potential) cooperation between community based water provision versus provisions by regional water utilities (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum or PDAM). Read more.
  5. "From the field: Water CBO Year End Report". This post features how a village-level water CBO, HIPPAMS Tirto Agung (see no.3 above) present its year-end report. The administrative system is quite advanced for a village level CBO. Not all CBO is this advanced, however. Read more.
  6. "Regional autonomy principles restrict provinces in developing community based water and sanitation (?)" In this article, we analyzed that regional autonomy implemented in Indonesia may have impeded the development and sustainability of community-based water and sanitation. Read more.
This list will be updated in upcoming blogs posts as we move further with our research.

Update 30/07/2016:

 Full report, presentations and other research materials are available for download at the project page: Regulation of Community Water and Sanitation.

 

CRPG blog at the Library of Congress Webarchive

Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Back in 2010, we informed that our blog (back then it was called Indonesia Law Report or ILR) was to be archived by the Library of Congress:
The United States Library of Congress has selected your website for inclusion in the historic collection of Internet materials related to Legal Blawgs. The Library of Congress preserves the Nation's cultural artifacts and provides enduring access to them. The Library's traditional functions, acquiring, cataloging, preserving and serving collection materials of historical importance to the Congress and the American people to foster education and scholarship, extend to digital materials, including websites. 

With your permission, the Library of Congress or its agent will engage in the collection of content from your website at regular intervals over time and make this collection available to researchers both at Library facilities and, by special arrangement, to scholarly research institutions.  In addition, the Library hopes that you share its vision of preserving Internet materials and permitting researchers from across the world to access them. Our Web Archives are important because they contribute to the historical record, capturing information that could otherwise be lost. With the growing role of the Web as an influential medium, records of historic events could be considered incomplete without materials that were "born digital" and never printed on paper. 



Now, you can browse the archives at the Library of Congress here. The archives are available from 2007 to 2012. The CRPG blog is honored to be archived by the LOC and contribute to historical record!



 

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Direktori Putusan Komisi Informasi Pusat

Tuesday, January 27, 2015

CRPG memuat dokumen Putusan Komisi Informasi di tingkat Pusat dan beberapa daerah dalam situs wiki CRPG. Seluruh putusan telah melewati proses OCR (Optical Character Recognition). Setelah diindex oleh Google, putusan ini bisa dicari menggunakan mesin pencari Google Custom Search yang terdapat di web, blog dan wiki site CRPG.

Direktori putusan ini tersimpan dalam wiki CRPG yang artinya, setiap orang dapat mengunggah dokumen putusan setelah terlebih dahulu melakukan registrasi. Mesin wiki dipilih karena sifatnya yang terdesentralisasi. Sejauh ini terdapat 3 kategori:




 

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Mekanisme Pelaporan Independen Open Government Partnership (Renaksi 2013) -- Masa Penjaringan Pendapat Publik

Saturday, January 24, 2015




Indonesia adalah salah satu dari 8 (delapan) negara pendiri Open Government Partnership, sebuah inisiatif multilateral yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan pemerintahan yang terbuka, akuntabel dan responsif. Open Government Partnership (OGP) diluncurkan pada tanggal 20 September 2011 dan saat ini beranggotakan 65 negara. Di Indonesia, inisiatif OGP mengambil nama Open Government Indonesia (OGI) yang -- pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono -- dikoordinasikan oleh UKP4. 

Negara anggota OGP diharuskan untuk membuat rencana aksi yang sesuai dengan nilai nilai OGP dan tantangan tantangan OGP.

Nilai nilai OGP adalah sebagai berikut:
  1. Akses terhadap informasi
  2. Partisipasi Warga Negara
  3. Akuntabilitas Publik
  4. Teknologi dan Inovasi untuk Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas
Sementara itu, tantangan tantangan OGP adalah sebagai berikut:
  1. Meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik
  2. Meningkatkan integritas sektor publik
  3. Manajemen sumber daya publik yang lebih efektif
  4. Membuat masyarakat yang lebih aman
  5. Meningkatkan akuntabilitas korporasi
Salah satu mekanisme pengawasan atas pelaksanaan rencana aksi OGP adalah proses pembuatan Mekanisme Pelaporan Independen (Independent Reporting Mechanism atau IRM) di setiap negara. Untuk pelaksanaan rencana aksi OGP 2013 dan 2014-2015, saya ditunjuk untuk menjadi peneliti IRM untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Rencana Aksi Indonesia. Penulisan laporan independen pelaksanaan OGP Renaksi 2013 didasarkan pada prosedur dan manual yang dibuat oleh IRM OGP.

Secara umum, tahapan Mekanisme Pelaporan Independen adalah sebagai berikut:
  1. Desk Study dan studi literatur atas Rencana Aksi (Renaksi) dan pelaksanaannya
  2. Evaluasi awal dan pembobotan renaksi 
  3. Serangkaian wawancara
  4. Penulisan Draft Pertama 
  5. Review Draft Pertama oleh IRM unit di Washington DC
  6. Perbaikan oleh IRM Researcher dan pembuatan Draft Kedua
  7. Review Draft Kedua oleh International Expert Panel
  8. Perbaikan Draft Kedua oleh IRM Researcher dan pembuatan Draft Ketiga
  9. Penjaringan Pendapat Publik (termasuk badan badan pemerintah yang terlibat)
  10. Perbaikan oleh IRM Researcher
  11. Review oleh IRM unit
  12. Peluncuran Laporan OGP
Untuk Renaksi 2013 ini, IRM unit telah memutuskan untuk membuat sebuah laporan pendek (short report) karena rentang waktu Renaksi 2013 sangat berdekatan dengan Renaksi 2014.

Saat ini, proses IRM telah mencapai tahapan penjaringan pendapat publik (termasuk lembaga pemerintah yang melaksanakan Renaksi OGP). Sebelumnya, rancangan laporan IRM ini telah melalui serangkaian proses penelaahan dan peninjauan oleh IRM support unit dan oleh Panel Pakar Internasional pada bulan November-Desember. 

Selama proses review berjenjang diatas berlangsung dari bulan November sampai awal Januari 2015, peneliti IRM tetap menerima berbagai masukan dari para pemangku kepentingan termasuk beberapa kementerian. Dengan demikian, berbagai masukan yang diterima sejak bulan November sampai sekarang belum dimasukkan kedalam versi laporan IRM saat ini. Masukan-masukan tersebut akan disatukan dengan masukan yang diterima selama masa penjaringan pendapat publik.


Untuk mengunduh rancangan laporan IRM, silahkan klik disini. 
Versi Bahasa Indonesia dari rancangan laporan IRM kini dalam proses penerjemahan.
Masa penjaringan pendapat: Januari 26, 2015 sampai dengan Februari 14, 2015
Pendapat bisa disampaikan lewat email mova(at)alafghani(dot)info 

Anda dapat juga mengirimkan masukan atas nama organisasi atau pribadi (dalam bentuk PDF) untuk dipublikasikan dalam halaman situs wiki CRPG OGP-IRM.

Lihat juga:

  

Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani, PhD
Peneliti IRM OGP 2013-2015

 

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Regional autonomy principles restrict provinces in developing community based water and sanitation (?)

Tuesday, January 20, 2015

We had a little chat today with several officials involved in the development of community based water and sanitation in East Java. One of the main obstacles in intervening in the development of community-based water and sanitation (Air Minum Penyehatan Lingkungan Berbasis Masyarakat or AMPL-BM) are due to regional autonomy. 

According to our sources, provinces can no longer intervene in the development of community-based watsan in regencies/municipalities, since their authority in water provisions are limited to inter-municipality/inter-regencies initiatives or in areas regarded as "water scarce". Indeed, regional autonomy principles bars provinces from interfering in local (regency/municipality) affairs. Water provision is considered as local affairs. On the other hand, almost all of community-based watsan initiatives are conducted at local level.

Our sources told that Law 23 is quite strict in terms of restricting provincial involvement into inter regency/municipality initiatives whereas Government Regulation 38 provides permit some intervention for water scarce areas. For now, provincial governments can intervene through "belanja hibah" (provincial grants). However, this scheme is not entirely secure. The Ministry of Interior have conducted review of the province's regional budget and conclude that such grants mechanism is incompatible with regional autonomy principles. 

We will conduct a legal analysis of regional autonomy laws and recommend feasible solution to this problem. 

 

CEO water mandate RTWS Guidance

Monday, January 19, 2015


UN-Water’s 2015 Annual International Zaragoza Conference on “Water and Sustainable Development: From Vision to Action” launched a comprehensive guideline on right to water and sanitation. The document: Guidance For Companies on Respecting the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation: Bringing a Human Rights Lens to Corporate Water Stewardship can be downloaded here.


Posted via Blogaway

 

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From the field: Water CBO Year End Report

Sunday, January 18, 2015

Here's a year-end presentation (in Bahasa Indonesia) that we obtained from a local Community Based Water and Sanitation Organization, HIPPAMS Tirto Agung, Tlanak Village, Lamongan Regency in East Java. The CBO is one of the best in East Java. The reporting, administrative and financial system is quite modern. They are equipped with accounting software. They have also implemented a progressive tariff. Obviously, there are challenges and rooms for improvement that we will highlight in our final report, but this is probably one of the best model of water CBO currently in existence. 





Download the above presentation in pdf format.

For further contact:

HIPPAMS Tirto Agung, Jl. A. Yani No. 01
Desa Tlanak, Kedungpring, Lamongan
Telepon:0852-3280-6295
Drs Panggeng Siswadi, M.Pd (Ketua)
e-mail: panggengs(at)yahoo.com

 

New Perspectives Paper: Coordinating Land and Water Governance

Friday, January 16, 2015





A new paper is available for download at the GWP website: New Perspectives Paper: Coordinating Land and Water Governance. 

Abstract:

They argue that we need to become better at thinking, planning, governing, and managing land and water, taking into account the inseparable and symbiotic nature of these resources.

Land and especially water are still subject to management practices that prioritize technocratic solutions (geared at increased yields, water productivity) within the boundaries of the resource in question.

These technocratic approaches ignore the unequal power relations surrounding land and water resources, at local and international level, which result from the uneven distribution of these resources and competition over them. The availability and quality of farmland and water are not only overlapping but also interconnected – the way land is managed affecting water use and quality and vice versa. In addition, food price increases and market volatility add to the growing uncertainty about whether and how the world will be able to feed itself in the future.

Download here.

 

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The relationship between community based water services and regional water utility

Tuesday, January 13, 2015

One of the aspects we examine in our Indii-AIIRA research on the regulatory framework for community based water services is the relationship between local water utilities in CBO.

As we all know, the National Policy on Community Based Drinking Water and Environmental Health (Kebijakan Nasional AMPL BM) differentiates between community based versus non community based (the policy uses the term community versus "institution based" services. "Institution based" services includes PDAM. Our research looks at how these regimes interact.

One of the dominant view we observe in our research is that CB WS is perceived as a voluntary effort. CB initiatives are perceived as inherently temporary, until PDAM can expand its network to remote areas. We discovered cases where PDAM actually expands to regions where CBs are already present.

Some of the issues that we encounter are the following:

1. Health PDAMs can oftentimes provides water reliable quantity and quality and have the capacity to expand network to remote areas served by CB.

2. Villagers may opt for PDAM services, provided that they can ensure quality abd quantity as above, rather than CB services, if they have both the willingness and capability to pay.

3. However, PDAM services costs more than CB services, due to various treatment, technology and expertise employed there. Consumer may choose lower water quality provided by CB over PDAM. This is case where consumer preference prevails.

4. In times of drought, water sources used by CB depletes. Healthy PDAMs can be more reliable in terms of securing water supply as they have the technology and resources to treat surface water, whereas, most CB uses groundwater. In these cases, consumer preference plays no role. Consumer may tend to choose to switch to PDAM from CB.

5. The coordination between PDAM, CB and other initiatives are crucial. This must be reflected in RISPAM (water plan)  and informally in day to day activities.

 

Fatwa Pengelolaan Sampah MUI dan Fatwa tentang Sampah Sungai

Berikut fatwa MUI tentang pengelolaan sampah.

 

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From the field: HIPPAMS Tirto Agung

Sunday, January 11, 2015

As a part of our AIIRA research, the CRPG team conduct a field study in Lamongan Regency, East Java. We were invited to an annual stakeholders meeting of HIPPAMS Tirto Agung at Tlanak Village, Kedungpring District, around 23 kilometres from the city of Lamongan.

The presentation was made by HIPPAMS (Community Based Organisation for Water and Sanitation) chairman Panggeng Siswadi and attended by the Village Head and apparatus. The Tirto Agung Hippams have been able to increase coverage of almost four times since its establishment. It has healthy financials productive assets. Coverage is reported at 90 % and non revenue water is at 18%. A part if their revenue is dedicated to sanitation, thus the picture where the chairman is handing over a closet.

We are specifically interested in analyzing their statutes and village based regulatory framework, their organisational culture and service standard, as well as the role of the regency in monitoring and evaluation.

 

A Summary of Indonesian Aviation Regulation

Friday, January 9, 2015

ICLG posted an article about Indonesian Aviation Law in a Q and A format as a part of its 2014 book on Aviation Law. Here's a snippet:


Click here to go to their site.

 

Akses Gratis Jurnal Taylor & Francis Selama Januari

Monday, January 5, 2015

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"Artificial Intelligence" akan menggantikan Lawyers pada 2030?

Sunday, January 4, 2015

Menurut sebuah laporan dari sebuah kantor konsultan, setidaknya pekerjaan due dilligence sudah akan dapat diserah terimakan dari Junior Lawyers ke software tahun 2030 nanti. Sebenarnya ini bukan hal yang baru. Beberapa pakar seperti David Bainbridge dan Richard Susskind sudah membayangkan sebuah sistem pakar untuk menggantikan peran lawyers.





Yang paling kontroversial tentu dari Susskind, dimana beberapa tahun lalu dia memprediksi bahwa di masa depan akan tersisa beberapa tipe lawyers: expert trusted adviser, enhanced practitioner, legal knowledge engineer, legal risk manager, dan legal hybrid. Legal knowledge engineer ini posisi yang menarik menurut saya, karena pekerjaannya adalah membuat packaging dan model penyelesaian.

Salah satu ide yang dilontarkan di Inggris adalah membuat model bantuan hukum seperti NHS Direct. Seperti diketahui, NHS Direct adalah portal kesehatan di Inggris yang bebas digunakan penduduknya. Portal ini bisa diakses lewat telepon maupun online dan juga menyediakan symptomps checker untuk mengecek gejala. Portalnya sendiri ditutup tahun 2013, tetapi sistemnya yang di Wales dan symptomp checkernya masih berjalan. 

Sementara itu di Kanada sedang hangat didiskusikan mengenai Alternative Business Structure (ABS) dari layanan hukum -- diantaranya untuk mengatasi berbagai kepakaran diluar hukum yang beririsan ke pelayanan hukum. Ada 3 model yang diusulkan:

  • Model #1 Business entities providing legal services only in which individuals and entities who are not licensed by the Law Society can have up to 49 per cent ownership.
  • Model #2: Business entities providing legal services only with no restrictions on ownership by individuals and entities who are not licensed by the Law Society.
  • Model #3 Business entities providing both legal and non-legal services (except those identified as posing a regulatory risk) in which individuals and entities who are not licensed by the Law Society would be permitted up to 49 per cent ownership.
Kembali ke soal due dilligence, apakah mungkin tahun 2030 diserahkan ke software? Yang saya tahu persis (dan juga gunakan) adalah bahwa software sistem manajemen dokumen saat ini sudah semakin baik. Dilengkapi dengan Optical Character Recognition yang sudah sangat efektif, ketelitian dan kecepatan software ini sangat bisa mengalahkan mata manusia. 

Disamping itu, dalam birokrasi juga terjadi berbagai penataan. Pemerintah memulai gerakan Sistem Informasi Perizinan (SIP) -- yang dulu ada di UKP4 dan sekarang masih berjalan walaupun UKP4 sudah tidak beroperasi. Sisminbakum juga memiliki potensi untuk bisa updating status AD/ART PT terakhir, real-time. Demikian juga, di pertanahan, BPN sudah membuat portal (masih sederhana sih) untuk layanan pertanahan (silahkan coba sendiri). Sementara itu, beberapa pengadilan (termasuk MA) sudah mempublikasikan register perkaranya online. Selain itu, sekarang ini di beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia juga sudah menjadi anggota Open Government Partnership (OGP) yang salah satu normanya adalah teknologi an inovasi untuk keterbukaan dan akuntabilitas. 

Keseluruhan dokumen diatas merupakan bagian standar dari kegiatan due dilligence atau uji tuntas. Apabila beberapa tahun lagi layanan-layanan tersebut bisa disediakan online secara akurat, maka tidak perlu lagi menggunakan manusia untuk mengecek satu persatu. Jadi, mungkin sekali -- setidaknya untuk due dilligence -- bahwa peran lawyer digantikan oleh software di masa depan. Tidak perlu artificial intelligence, cukup software yang terintegrasi dengan layanan yang sudah ada. 

 

Indonesian Procurement Rule to be Revised (Again)

Friday, January 2, 2015

From Antara:

Sofyan said there are a number of substantial changes made to be wrapped up in January 2015 such as related to the maximum limit for procurement allowed in direct appointment.
"The system is changed as direct appointment for the procurement of goods worth up to Rp200 million has caused a lot of problems. It is better to hold tender in a very simple way. Direct appointment would be reduced but the process of tender must be fast," he said without specifying the problems.
Meanwhile, there has been talks about plans for using e-catalog for non construction projects, consolidation of goods procurement (of the same types) in order to leverage its economics of scale and the removal of pre qualification stage for construction projects in exchange of a Vendor Management System. Obviously, this can potentially produce difficulties for new entrants since only those who are already listed on the system can participate in the procurement process.

 

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Direktori Putusan Komisi Informasi

Thursday, January 1, 2015

Selamat Tahun Baru!


CRPG memulai tahun baru ini dengan kegiatan inventarisasi dan pembuatan direktori putusan Komisi Informasi di seluruh Indonesia. Seluruh Putusan dimasukkan kedalam wiki CRPG dan sudah di proses menggunakan Optical Character Recognition sehingga dapat dilakukan operasi find/search dalam file pdf dan dapat terindex oleh Google.

Sejauh ini ada beberapa ratus putusan dan terdiri dari dua kategori:

Tujuan lain dari pembuatan direktori ini adalah untuk kegiatan mengkategorisasi Putusan berdasarkan pengecualian dan kerangka persoalan. Kita akan update lebih lanjut.

 

Air Asia QZ 8501: Berapa jumlah ganti rugi di Konvensi Montreal?

Sunday, December 28, 2014

Dalam Konvensi Montreal 1999 (MC 99) dinyatakan:

Article 21 - Compensation in case of death or injury of passengers

1. For damages arising under paragraph 1 of Article 17 not exceeding 100,000 Special Drawing Rights for each passenger, the carrier shall not be able to exclude or limit its liability.

2. The carrier shall not be liable for damages arising under paragraph 1 of Article 17 to the extent that they exceed for each passenger 100,000 Special Drawing Rights if the carrier proves that:

(a) such damage was not due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the carrier or its servants or agents; or

(b) such damage was solely due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of a third party.

Silahkan klik untuk menghitung jumlah SDR dalam  US Dollar per hari ini.

Penerbangan Air Asia tersebut adalah penerbangan internasional. Namun demikian, Indonesia belum terdaftar sebagai negara yang meratifikasi MC 99.