tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18004079826482155812024-03-05T16:27:54.335-08:00Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG)Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info is a University affiliated research and consulting center located in Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaMovanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comBlogger599125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-24026472174059222202023-07-02T20:45:00.003-07:002023-07-02T20:49:21.501-07:009 (Nine) Indonesia's Water Governance Articles You Should Read
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJm5t4gwVOToMUA2TAwEtCbxHHkLKf2-HQtBXE0c0qY69FcUSLErZXv6rLNeCAPqJawnt2ntSkerMEkNz6aLktm0obuCR2P_r3_1GI72cX2J45eOI3GcjCs6QFnII8xzlv6MQsPspd6yf9pFJdvmEAjLMBa7mgy2ryOKGb-J6MSDTRTeYvkk5AghjSzo4/s1024/OIG.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJm5t4gwVOToMUA2TAwEtCbxHHkLKf2-HQtBXE0c0qY69FcUSLErZXv6rLNeCAPqJawnt2ntSkerMEkNz6aLktm0obuCR2P_r3_1GI72cX2J45eOI3GcjCs6QFnII8xzlv6MQsPspd6yf9pFJdvmEAjLMBa7mgy2ryOKGb-J6MSDTRTeYvkk5AghjSzo4/s320/OIG.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
The article titled <a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/water-quality-parameters-monitoring-and-maintaining-the-health-of-our-waterways" target="_blank">Water Quality Parameters -- Monitoring And Maintaining The Health Of Our Waterways</a> discusses the importance of monitoring water quality parameters to maintain healthy ecosystems and ensure safe drinking water supplies. It covers key parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, turbidity, and contaminants. The article provides examples of how changes in these parameters can affect aquatic life and human health. For instance, urban runoff can raise water temperatures, causing thermal pollution, while agricultural runoff can lead to excessive nutrient levels, causing eutrophication and low oxygen levels. The article emphasizes the need for monitoring and regulating these parameters to protect ecosystems and public health. <div><br /></div><div>The article titled <a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/water-sector-regulation" target="_blank">Water Sector Regulation</a> discusses the various aspects of water services regulation. It covers topics such as the structure of the water services industry, the question of ownership and control, the role of licenses and contracts in regulation, and the unique challenges posed by the natural monopoly character of water service. The article also emphasizes the importance of specific legislation to tackle consumer problems in water services, detailing provisions on duties to supply, supply standards, and customer service. It further discusses the role of legislation in economic regulation and the need for independent, capable regulators. Lastly, the article touches on the importance of demand management and water efficiency, and the role of legislation in these areas.</div><div><br /></div><div>
<a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/court-decision-brings-water-governance-reforms-to-a-halt-part-1-of-2" target="_blank">Court decision brings water governance reforms to a halt (Part 1 of 2)</a> discusses the implications of the Indonesian Constitutional Court's decision to invalidate Law No. 7/2004 on Water Resources. The decision has caused a significant impact on the Indonesian water community, leading to the halt of several planned water projects and threatening ongoing ones. The author argues that the decision has effectively ended water governance in Indonesia, as the framework for conservation and management of water resources no longer exists. The article also highlights the potential negative effects of this decision, such as the lack of regulation for groundwater extractions, which can lead to land subsidence and saltwater intrusions, and the absence of legal basis for flood control. The author expresses concern that the court's decision could impede the fulfillment of the sustainable development goal of universal access to water and sanitation.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/the-ultimate-risks-of-water-privatization/" target="_blank">The ultimate risks of water privatization</a>. This article discusses the potential risks associated with the privatization of water services, particularly when contracts are concluded with multinational corporations (MNCs). The author outlines three legal arenas that are impacted by such privatization: transnational, national, and contractual. The article argues that privatization can put the government in a legally disadvantageous position, as disputes arising from contracts can be transformed into international investment disputes through bilateral investment treaties, leading to costly international arbitrations. The author also highlights the lack of adequate accountability and responsibility standards for MNCs, which could potentially lead to irrecoverable environmental or labor losses. At the national level, the author criticizes the weak protection of the right to water in Indonesia, noting that the constitution does not explicitly recognize this right and that current regulations do not distinguish water from other infrastructure projects. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for transparency in water governance and public involvement in decision-making processes.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/can-the-courts-concern-over-water-privatization-be-justified-part-2-of-2/" target="_blank">Can the courts concern over water privatization be justified (Part 2 of 2)</a> This article is the second part of a discussion on the implications of the Indonesian Constitutional Court's decision to halt water governance reforms. The author delves into the concept of corporatization, a process by which a public, state-owned company behaves like a private sector entity. The article questions the court's assumption that state control over natural resources is automatically ensured when these resources are managed by state-owned companies. The author argues that this perspective overlooks the capitalist nature of corporations and the potential for state capitalism to emerge. The article also criticizes the court's decision for not addressing the risks of corporatization. The author suggests that the focus should not be on public versus private ownership, but on how the state regulates and ensures reliable and affordable services. The article concludes by proposing several potential actions for the government, such as creating implementing regulations and evaluating which provisions in the water law and its implementing regulations are problematic. </div><div><br /></div><div>The article titled <a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/the-new-governor-and-jakartas-drinking-water-problem/" target="_blank">The new governor and Jakarta's drinking water problem</a> discusses the challenges faced by Jakarta's newly installed governor, Joko "Jokowi" Widodo, in addressing the city's drinking water issues. The article highlights the complexities of water provision, which is a natural/legal/monopoly, and the trade-off between service levels and network expansion. It also discusses the significant costs associated with expanding the network to low-income citizens. The article points out the structural disincentives in connecting to the poor due to the current governance structure of Jakarta's water services. It suggests that Jokowi should address the lack of incentives from regulatory actors in connecting to the poor, consult the poor on how they want to be connected to the network, and try to reform the existing legislation which penalizes the poor for late payments. The article emphasizes that these challenges should not discourage Jokowi from his initial plan to provide services to the poor.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/indonesia-needs-a-strong-water-services-law/" target="_blank">Indonesia needs a strong water services law</a> This article emphasizes the need for a robust water services law in Indonesia. The author points out that only a small portion of the population has access to piped water and that the lack of sanitation contributes to significant economic losses and health issues. The article criticizes the current water law for its vague and broad regulation of water services, which can lead to legal complications when dealing with large-scale water projects involving multinational corporations and foreign lenders. The author argues that the governance of water resources and water services should be treated differently, as they deal with distinct aspects of water management. The article also highlights the importance of a water services law in protecting consumers from service disconnection, establishing a consultation mechanism for tariff setting, setting quality standards for drinking water, and detailing consumer rights. The author concludes by stating that without a water services law, the rights of consumers and investors are not legally guaranteed and are subject to the mercy of local governments.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/ri-water-services-suffering-from-a-lack-of-governance/" target="_blank">RI water services suffering from a lack of governance</a> This article discusses the lack of governance in Indonesia's water services. The author notes that while funds are available for investment by the private sector, most private sector participation in the water sector is failing. The article criticizes the focus on public versus private ownership of water utilities, arguing that the real question should be about what governance mechanisms work for either public or private water utilities. The author also points out that both privatized and non-privatized services are developing without adequate governance. The article highlights the situation in Jakarta, where water services are regulated mainly through concession contracts, which do not reflect the need to incorporate post-privatization reality and do not provide clear rights for water customers. The author concludes by emphasizing the need for local governments to establish a framework for transparency, accountability, and participation through regional bylaws, especially when services are to be privatized. </div><div><br /></div><div>The article titled <a href="https://mova.alafghani.info/assimilative-capacity-understanding-natures-ability-to-absorb-impacts" target="_blank">Assimilative Capacity -- Understanding Nature's Ability To Absorb Impacts</a> discusses the concept of assimilative capacity, which refers to the ability of a natural system to absorb, process, or neutralize pollutants, waste, or disturbances without significant adverse effects. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding assimilative capacity for effective environmental policies and strategies that protect natural resources and promote sustainable development. It provides a definition of assimilative capacity and explains its importance in environmental management, including the protection of ecosystems, maintenance of ecosystem services, and promotion of sustainable resource use. The article also provides examples of assimilative capacity in different environmental systems, such as river systems, airsheds, and coastal ecosystems. These examples illustrate how managing pollutant discharges and waste production based on assimilative capacity can help protect water quality, maintain air quality, and preserve the ecological functions of coastal ecosystems. </div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-54245125719356938982023-04-10T08:36:00.001-07:002023-04-10T08:36:32.653-07:00Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap bencana meteorologi di Indonesia (Robot Post) <p>
Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang paling rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Negara ini berada di khatulistiwa, yang membuatnya lebih rentan terhadap bencana meteorologi. Perubahan iklim telah menyebabkan banyak bencana di Indonesia, termasuk banjir, longsor, kemarau, dan kebakaran hutan.
Banjir adalah salah satu bencana meteorologi yang paling sering terjadi di Indonesia. Banjir disebabkan oleh curah hujan yang tinggi dan air yang tersumbat di saluran drainase. Banjir yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim telah menyebabkan kerusakan besar di seluruh Indonesia. Banjir telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan kerugian kemanusiaan yang signifikan.
Longsor adalah bencana meteorologi lain yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Longsor disebabkan oleh hujan yang lebat dan tanah yang tidak stabil. Longsor yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang luas di seluruh Indonesia. Longsor telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan kerugian kemanusiaan yang signifikan.
Kemarau adalah bencana meteorologi lain yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Kemarau disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan kurangnya curah hujan. Kemarau telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang luas di seluruh Indonesia. Kemarau telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan kerugian kemanusiaan yang signifikan.
Kebakaran hutan adalah bencana meteorologi lain yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Kebakaran hutan disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan kenaikan suhu udara dan kurangnya curah hujan. Kebakaran hutan telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang luas di seluruh Indonesia. Kebakaran hutan telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan kerugian kemanusiaan yang signifikan.
Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap bencana meteorologi di Indonesia telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang luas. Banjir, longsor, kemarau, dan kebakaran hutan telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan kerugian kemanusiaan yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus mengambil tindakan yang tepat untuk mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim dan mencegah bencana meteorologi di masa depan.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-BWjkdfy9jCpvzeF9tuE7dCfA.png?st=2023-04-10T14%3A36%3A31Z&se=2023-04-10T16%3A36%3A31Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T12%3A44%3A42Z&ske=2023-04-11T12%3A44%3A42Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=BlI5myixWRudN5IyErg%2BVA8wMmVxnw0mhm%2BYqVHuP/E%3D' alt='Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap bencana meteorologi di Indonesia'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-75954193594825925982023-04-10T07:51:00.001-07:002023-04-10T07:51:55.274-07:00Cara menggunakan ChatGPT untuk mahasiswa hukum Robot Post <p>, dan cara menggunakan ChatGPT.
Cara Menggunakan ChatGPT untuk Mahasiswa Hukum
ChatGPT adalah sebuah alat bantu penulisan ilmiah yang dirancang khusus untuk mahasiswa hukum. Alat ini dirancang untuk membantu mahasiswa hukum menyelesaikan tugas-tugas mereka dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. ChatGPT menyediakan berbagai fitur yang memungkinkan mahasiswa hukum untuk menulis, mengedit, dan menyimpan dokumen mereka dengan mudah.
Peranan ChatGPT sebagai alat bantu penulisan ilmiah di kampus adalah membantu mahasiswa hukum menyelesaikan tugas-tugas mereka dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Dengan ChatGPT, mahasiswa hukum dapat menulis, mengedit, dan menyimpan dokumen mereka dengan mudah. Fitur lain yang disediakan oleh ChatGPT adalah kolaborasi, yang memungkinkan mahasiswa hukum untuk berbagi dan mengkolaborasikan dokumen mereka dengan mudah.
Berikut adalah cara menggunakan ChatGPT untuk mahasiswa hukum:
1. Daftar di ChatGPT. Pertama, mahasiswa hukum harus mendaftar di ChatGPT. Mereka dapat melakukannya dengan mengakses situs web ChatGPT dan mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan.
2. Buat dokumen. Setelah mendaftar, mahasiswa hukum dapat membuat dokumen baru dengan mengklik tombol “Buat Dokumen”. Mereka dapat memilih jenis dokumen yang ingin mereka buat, seperti dokumen tugas, artikel, atau laporan.
3. Tulis dan edit dokumen. Setelah membuat dokumen, mahasiswa hukum dapat mulai menulis dan mengedit dokumen mereka. Mereka dapat menggunakan fitur yang disediakan oleh ChatGPT untuk membuat dokumen mereka lebih baik.
4. Simpan dokumen. Setelah selesai menulis dan mengedit dokumen, mahasiswa hukum dapat menyimpan dokumen mereka dengan mengklik tombol “Simpan”. Mereka juga dapat membagikan dokumen mereka dengan teman-teman mereka dengan mengklik tombol “Bagikan”.
Itulah cara menggunakan ChatGPT untuk mahasiswa hukum. Dengan ChatGPT, mahasiswa hukum dapat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas mereka dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. ChatGPT juga menyediakan berbagai fitur yang memungkinkan mahasiswa hukum untuk menulis, mengedit, dan menyimpan dokumen mereka dengan mudah.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-hTaVsQpfYSsvvBUlVjWa3Mru.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A51%3A54Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A51%3A54Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T14%3A27%3A48Z&ske=2023-04-11T14%3A27%3A48Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=ElqMsCjCL3cdNdmy%2BG9a1Eg6zfGB9P0UItZyl4eDy/M%3D' alt='Cara menggunakan ChatGPT untuk mahasiswa hukum'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655928445009738553noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-72071441070412321932023-04-10T07:24:00.003-07:002023-04-10T07:24:27.508-07:00Article about Theories of Regulatory Adaptation<p>.
Theories of Regulatory Adaptation are a set of concepts that are used to explain how systems can adjust to changing conditions. These theories can be applied to a variety of areas, including artificial intelligence and climate change. In this article, we will explore the theories of regulatory adaptation and how they can be used to address the challenges posed by these two topics.
The first theory of regulatory adaptation is the “Adaptive Regulation” theory. This theory suggests that systems can adjust to changing conditions by using feedback loops. This means that the system can learn from its own mistakes and adjust its behavior accordingly. This type of regulation is especially useful when dealing with complex systems, such as artificial intelligence and climate change.
The second theory of regulatory adaptation is the “Adaptive Governance” theory. This theory suggests that systems can be regulated through a combination of self-regulation and external regulation. Self-regulation involves the system adjusting its behavior in response to feedback from its environment. External regulation involves the system being regulated by an external authority, such as a government or an international organization. This type of regulation is useful when dealing with complex systems, such as artificial intelligence and climate change.
The third theory of regulatory adaptation is the “Adaptive Decision-Making” theory. This theory suggests that systems can adjust their behavior in response to changing conditions by using a combination of decision-making algorithms and feedback loops. This type of regulation is especially useful when dealing with complex systems, such as artificial intelligence and climate change.
The theories of regulatory adaptation can be used to address the challenges posed by artificial intelligence and climate change. By using these theories, we can better understand how systems can adjust to changing conditions and how we can better regulate them. This can help us create more effective and efficient systems that can better handle the challenges posed by these two topics.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-Oq48dylEPAVXcY11ooGIm1cL.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A24%3A26Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A24%3A26Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-09T22%3A43%3A10Z&ske=2023-04-10T22%3A43%3A10Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=ywOi5OccEpz3l6tB7QCBJbw%2B21%2BR721xtTXdt3IePuE%3D' alt='Theories of Regulatory Adaptation'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-51511370466537097202023-04-10T07:24:00.001-07:002023-04-10T07:24:08.857-07:00Article about Climate Adaptation<p>
Climate adaptation is an increasingly important concept in the fight against the climate crisis. As the 1.5 degrees Celsius target set by the Paris Agreement is likely to be overshot, regulatory frameworks need to be designed to help communities and nations adapt to the changing climate.
Climate adaptation is defined as the process of adjusting to the current and future impacts of climate change. This includes both short-term and long-term measures that can be taken to reduce the risks posed by climate change. Examples of adaptation measures include the use of green infrastructure to reduce flooding, the adoption of drought-resistant crops, and the implementation of early warning systems for extreme weather events.
The need for adaptation is becoming increasingly urgent as the impacts of climate change become more severe. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea level rise are all contributing to the destruction of ecosystems and the displacement of communities. In order to protect people and the environment, adaptation measures must be implemented.
The Paris Agreement set a goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. However, recent reports suggest that this target is likely to be overshot, meaning that adaptation measures will become even more important.
In order to effectively adapt to the changing climate, governments and other stakeholders must work together to create regulatory frameworks that will enable communities and nations to cope with the impacts of climate change. These frameworks should include policies and measures that will help to reduce the risks posed by climate change, such as the development of green infrastructure and the adoption of drought-resistant crops.
In addition, adaptation measures should be tailored to the specific needs of different communities and nations. For example, coastal communities may need to implement measures to protect against sea level rise, while arid regions may need to focus on drought-resistant crops and water conservation.
Climate adaptation is an essential part of the fight against the climate crisis. As the 1.5 degrees Celsius target is likely to be overshot, regulatory frameworks must be designed to help communities and nations adapt to the changing climate. These frameworks should include policies and measures that will reduce the risks posed by climate change, as well as measures tailored to the specific needs of different communities and nations. By taking these steps, we can ensure that people and the environment are protected from the impacts of climate change.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-fZnSh6ZFRpJkf3AsuEqTn3kA.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A24%3A07Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A24%3A07Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T10%3A00%3A43Z&ske=2023-04-11T10%3A00%3A43Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=VFZZoUY8b5URBazFqLRD9fI9OHtCUOHqAX1qfYWbQaI%3D' alt='Climate Adaptation'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-88041483956421150932023-04-10T07:23:00.001-07:002023-04-10T07:23:47.870-07:00Article about AI in Legal Services<p> analysis.
The legal industry is undergoing a revolution, and artificial intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of this transformation. AI is transforming the way legal services are delivered, from contract drafting to court deposition analysis. AI is providing lawyers with powerful tools to improve the accuracy and speed of their work, and to reduce the costs associated with legal services.
AI is being used to automate the process of contract drafting. By using AI, lawyers can quickly generate contracts that are tailored to their clients’ needs. AI can also be used to identify potential issues in contracts and to suggest changes that could improve the document. This can help lawyers save time and money by avoiding costly mistakes.
AI is also being used to analyze court depositions. AI can quickly scan through large amounts of data and identify key facts and patterns. This can help lawyers quickly identify important information and prepare for court proceedings. AI can also be used to analyze case law and identify relevant precedents. This can help lawyers build stronger cases and increase their chances of success.
AI is also being used to automate the process of legal research. AI can quickly search through large amounts of data and identify relevant information. This can help lawyers save time and money by quickly finding the information they need. AI can also be used to analyze legal documents and identify potential issues. This can help lawyers identify potential problems before they become costly mistakes.
AI is transforming the legal industry and making legal services more efficient and cost-effective. AI is providing lawyers with powerful tools to improve the accuracy and speed of their work, and to reduce the costs associated with legal services. AI is revolutionizing the way legal services are delivered, and it is clear that AI will continue to play an important role in the legal industry for years to come.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-2mrDPJI6Gcbq5veNaTN1xeTx.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A23%3A46Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A23%3A46Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T10%3A12%3A17Z&ske=2023-04-11T10%3A12%3A17Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=eqJveie5RWcHPWT2/zPNk1SAVMM2wCPmgf5WEHTX0%2BU%3D' alt='AI in Legal Services'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-49412756684471103262023-04-10T07:09:00.003-07:002023-04-10T07:09:35.448-07:00Article about Theories of Regulatory Adaptation<p>.
Theories of Regulatory Adaptation are a set of ideas and principles that can be applied to the study of artificial intelligence and climate change. These theories suggest that the ability to adapt to changing conditions is essential for the successful regulation of both of these complex systems.
The first theory of regulatory adaptation is the “adaptive cycle”. This theory suggests that a system will go through a cycle of adaptation and adjustment in order to remain stable. This cycle includes a period of exploration, followed by a period of consolidation, and then a period of adaptation. During the exploration phase, the system will explore different strategies and solutions in order to find the most effective one. During the consolidation phase, the system will refine and improve the chosen strategy. Finally, during the adaptation phase, the system will adjust its strategy in order to cope with changing conditions.
The second theory of regulatory adaptation is the “adaptive capacity”. This theory suggests that a system must have the capacity to adapt to changing conditions in order to remain stable. This capacity includes the ability to detect changes in the environment, the ability to adjust its strategies in response to those changes, and the ability to learn from its mistakes.
The third theory of regulatory adaptation is the “adaptive resilience”. This theory suggests that a system must be able to recover from disruptions and shocks in order to remain stable. This includes the ability to identify potential risks, the ability to prepare for them, and the ability to recover quickly after they occur.
The fourth theory of regulatory adaptation is the “adaptive governance”. This theory suggests that a system must have effective governance structures in order to remain stable. This includes the ability to identify and manage risks, the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively, and the ability to coordinate the actions of different stakeholders.
These theories of regulatory adaptation can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change. In the case of artificial intelligence, these theories suggest that the ability to adapt to changing conditions is essential for the successful regulation of AI systems. In the case of climate change, these theories suggest that the ability to adapt to changing conditions is essential for the successful regulation of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Overall, the theories of regulatory adaptation provide a useful framework for understanding how complex systems can remain stable in the face of changing conditions. By understanding and applying these theories, we can better prepare for and manage the risks associated with artificial intelligence and climate change.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-eerSKw4U09TPLSUhdVf6xHJ9.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A09%3A34Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A09%3A34Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T12%3A44%3A36Z&ske=2023-04-11T12%3A44%3A36Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=Mi8Jd3YHRhNFcxXmLShnDzGgKjAmvtXL%2B%2BZheIfzuRE%3D' alt='Theories of Regulatory Adaptation'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-43482639203892641532023-04-10T07:09:00.001-07:002023-04-10T07:09:15.933-07:00Article about Climate Adaptation<p>
Climate adaptation is an increasingly important issue as the world continues to grapple with the effects of climate change. With the 1.5 degrees Celsius target set by the Paris Agreement likely to be overshot, regulatory frameworks must be designed to help countries and communities adapt to the climate crisis.
Climate adaptation is the process of adjusting to current or expected future climate change and its effects. It involves both mitigation and adaptation measures to reduce the risks of climate change, as well as to build resilience and prepare for potential impacts. This includes a range of activities such as improving infrastructure, developing early warning systems, and changing land use and management practices.
Climate adaptation strategies must be tailored to the local context, as different regions and communities face different risks and vulnerabilities. For example, coastal communities may need to prepare for sea level rise, while inland communities may need to prepare for drought or flooding. It is also important to consider the needs of vulnerable populations, such as those living in poverty or with limited access to resources.
Regulatory frameworks must be designed to support adaptation efforts. This includes setting clear objectives and targets, as well as providing incentives for adaptation. Governments should also ensure that adaptation measures are integrated into national and local policies, and that they are well-funded and implemented.
In addition, governments should create an enabling environment for adaptation. This includes removing barriers to adaptation, such as legal and financial constraints, and providing support for capacity building and knowledge sharing. It is also important to ensure that adaptation measures are equitable and just, and that they are tailored to the needs of different communities.
Finally, it is important to ensure that adaptation measures are effective and sustainable. This includes monitoring and evaluating progress, as well as ensuring that adaptation measures are adapted as the climate continues to change.
Climate adaptation is a complex and challenging issue, but it is essential for countries and communities to prepare for the impacts of climate change. With the 1.5 degrees Celsius target likely to be overshot, regulatory frameworks must be designed to help countries and communities adapt to the climate crisis.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-P1wQSeODKsEq1okUSA3QN3gL.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A09%3A14Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A09%3A14Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T00%3A00%3A32Z&ske=2023-04-11T00%3A00%3A32Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=9P2Fbz%2BvgAyizlTwu1K0cUMYzc42/%2BFfnMrXNGW78JY%3D' alt='Climate Adaptation'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-30572673736185929392023-04-10T07:08:00.001-07:002023-04-10T07:08:55.017-07:00Article about AI in Legal Services<p>.
The legal industry is no stranger to the effects of technology. In recent years, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has been a game-changer for legal services. AI is transforming various aspects of legal services, from contract drafting to court deposition.
AI-driven contract drafting is becoming increasingly popular. AI-driven contract drafting software can quickly generate contracts based on a set of user-defined parameters. This software can save time and money by reducing the need for manual contract drafting. Additionally, AI-driven contract drafting software can help to ensure that contracts are compliant with relevant laws and regulations.
AI is also being used to help lawyers prepare for court depositions. AI-driven deposition preparation software can quickly analyze large amounts of data to identify key facts and evidence. This software can help lawyers to quickly and accurately prepare for court depositions.
AI is also being used to help lawyers conduct legal research. AI-driven legal research software can quickly analyze large amounts of data to identify relevant case law and other legal documents. This software can help lawyers to quickly and accurately conduct legal research.
AI is also being used to help lawyers automate document review. AI-driven document review software can quickly analyze large amounts of data to identify relevant documents. This software can help lawyers to quickly and accurately review documents.
The use of AI in legal services is revolutionizing the way lawyers work. AI-driven software can help lawyers to save time and money by automating tedious and time-consuming tasks. Additionally, AI-driven software can help lawyers to quickly and accurately prepare for court depositions, conduct legal research, and review documents. As AI continues to evolve, it is likely that it will become even more integral to the legal industry.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-M8t5F0Yr6bcvKdsp2xBXhPEp.png?st=2023-04-10T13%3A08%3A54Z&se=2023-04-10T15%3A08%3A54Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-10T10%3A17%3A26Z&ske=2023-04-11T10%3A17%3A26Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=Z9JYf5WasC8KRsmCI%2BrGBDA02KOCNxazQ1fiuZJazMg%3D' alt='AI in Legal Services'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-82224903258973002892023-04-10T06:46:00.005-07:002023-04-10T06:46:46.673-07:00Article about Theories of Regulatory Adaptation<p>.
Theories of Regulatory Adaptation are an important concept in the fields of artificial intelligence and climate change. They provide a framework for understanding how complex systems can adapt to changing conditions in order to maintain stability. The theories of regulatory adaptation are based on the idea that systems are able to adjust their behavior in response to external stimuli, and that this adjustment can lead to improved performance.
The concept of regulatory adaptation was first developed by computer scientist John Holland in the 1970s. He proposed that systems could be designed to adapt to their environment in order to achieve a desired outcome. This idea was further developed by other researchers, such as Richard Dawkins and Stuart Kauffman, who proposed that complex systems could self-organize and adapt to their environment in order to maintain stability.
The theories of regulatory adaptation can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change. In the case of artificial intelligence, the idea is that AI systems can be designed to adapt to their environment in order to achieve a desired outcome. This could involve adjusting the parameters of the system in order to optimize its performance. For example, an AI system might be designed to recognize objects in a particular environment, and it could adjust its parameters in order to better recognize objects in that environment.
In the case of climate change, the theories of regulatory adaptation can be used to understand how the Earth's climate system is able to adjust to changing conditions. This could involve changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, changes in ocean currents, or changes in the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface. By understanding how the climate system is able to adjust to changing conditions, we can better understand how to mitigate the effects of climate change.
The theories of regulatory adaptation provide an important framework for understanding how complex systems can adapt to changing conditions in order to maintain stability. This understanding can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change, and can help us to better understand how to manage these complex systems.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-G5kAofHTgeiEFmrvpkjjd7hQ.png?st=2023-04-10T12%3A46%3A42Z&se=2023-04-10T14%3A46%3A42Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-09T22%3A53%3A46Z&ske=2023-04-10T22%3A53%3A46Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=z29EfXqdDu2rMd0DPTitgmjXJg1dRBCIkG1gjj/UU%2B4%3D' alt='Theories of Regulatory Adaptation'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-57766038282537597372023-04-10T06:46:00.003-07:002023-04-10T06:46:45.311-07:00Article about Climate Adaptation<p>.
Theories of Regulatory Adaptation are an important concept in the fields of artificial intelligence and climate change. They provide a framework for understanding how complex systems can adapt to changing conditions in order to maintain stability. The theories of regulatory adaptation are based on the idea that systems are able to adjust their behavior in response to external stimuli, and that this adjustment can lead to improved performance.
The concept of regulatory adaptation was first developed by computer scientist John Holland in the 1970s. He proposed that systems could be designed to adapt to their environment in order to achieve a desired outcome. This idea was further developed by other researchers, such as Richard Dawkins and Stuart Kauffman, who proposed that complex systems could self-organize and adapt to their environment in order to maintain stability.
The theories of regulatory adaptation can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change. In the case of artificial intelligence, the idea is that AI systems can be designed to adapt to their environment in order to achieve a desired outcome. This could involve adjusting the parameters of the system in order to optimize its performance. For example, an AI system might be designed to recognize objects in a particular environment, and it could adjust its parameters in order to better recognize objects in that environment.
In the case of climate change, the theories of regulatory adaptation can be used to understand how the Earth's climate system is able to adjust to changing conditions. This could involve changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, changes in ocean currents, or changes in the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface. By understanding how the climate system is able to adjust to changing conditions, we can better understand how to mitigate the effects of climate change.
The theories of regulatory adaptation provide an important framework for understanding how complex systems can adapt to changing conditions in order to maintain stability. This understanding can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change, and can help us to better understand how to manage these complex systems.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-G5kAofHTgeiEFmrvpkjjd7hQ.png?st=2023-04-10T12%3A46%3A42Z&se=2023-04-10T14%3A46%3A42Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-09T22%3A53%3A46Z&ske=2023-04-10T22%3A53%3A46Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=z29EfXqdDu2rMd0DPTitgmjXJg1dRBCIkG1gjj/UU%2B4%3D' alt='Climate Adaptation'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-44699113964870525332023-04-10T06:46:00.001-07:002023-04-10T06:46:43.929-07:00Article about AI in Legal Services<p>.
Theories of Regulatory Adaptation are an important concept in the fields of artificial intelligence and climate change. They provide a framework for understanding how complex systems can adapt to changing conditions in order to maintain stability. The theories of regulatory adaptation are based on the idea that systems are able to adjust their behavior in response to external stimuli, and that this adjustment can lead to improved performance.
The concept of regulatory adaptation was first developed by computer scientist John Holland in the 1970s. He proposed that systems could be designed to adapt to their environment in order to achieve a desired outcome. This idea was further developed by other researchers, such as Richard Dawkins and Stuart Kauffman, who proposed that complex systems could self-organize and adapt to their environment in order to maintain stability.
The theories of regulatory adaptation can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change. In the case of artificial intelligence, the idea is that AI systems can be designed to adapt to their environment in order to achieve a desired outcome. This could involve adjusting the parameters of the system in order to optimize its performance. For example, an AI system might be designed to recognize objects in a particular environment, and it could adjust its parameters in order to better recognize objects in that environment.
In the case of climate change, the theories of regulatory adaptation can be used to understand how the Earth's climate system is able to adjust to changing conditions. This could involve changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, changes in ocean currents, or changes in the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface. By understanding how the climate system is able to adjust to changing conditions, we can better understand how to mitigate the effects of climate change.
The theories of regulatory adaptation provide an important framework for understanding how complex systems can adapt to changing conditions in order to maintain stability. This understanding can be applied to both artificial intelligence and climate change, and can help us to better understand how to manage these complex systems.</p><p><img src='https://oaidalleapiprodscus.blob.core.windows.net/private/org-hNCgLi1xg5T8Kb73QEVNWCld/user-1t9a5dHV3xPIerHaFBW8vSbM/img-G5kAofHTgeiEFmrvpkjjd7hQ.png?st=2023-04-10T12%3A46%3A42Z&se=2023-04-10T14%3A46%3A42Z&sp=r&sv=2021-08-06&sr=b&rscd=inline&rsct=image/png&skoid=6aaadede-4fb3-4698-a8f6-684d7786b067&sktid=a48cca56-e6da-484e-a814-9c849652bcb3&skt=2023-04-09T22%3A53%3A46Z&ske=2023-04-10T22%3A53%3A46Z&sks=b&skv=2021-08-06&sig=z29EfXqdDu2rMd0DPTitgmjXJg1dRBCIkG1gjj/UU%2B4%3D' alt='AI in Legal Services'></p><p>Disclaimer: The content of this blog post has been automatically generated by GPT 3.5, as a part of CRPG's experiment in using AI systems for legal research. No editing or factual checking has been made by CRPG, and as such, it may contain inaccuracies or non-factual information. Readers are advised to exercise their own judgment and discretion when relying on the information provided in this post. CRPG and GPT 3.5 do not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this post or the information contained herein.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-83622260876134829142022-02-20T23:56:00.004-08:002022-02-21T15:25:27.476-08:00Webinar Kick-off SWA & MAM Jejaring AMPL - CRPG<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMUgU0m2bvvz-WwkjuJ2t_mSVXYJUqoPVjefnNV0U5QzyvCl0LjqA4-olAnhoZ6k4O0LjdwfjBDycjS77_GrHLwkNF4WxtzDdp8XFBCa_EGDMkOzsPWHJK6nvLdTOx80mNtuCRTkplEOWinvP6Gr1jqzvgeIqVmfnG1IEtunXj--_dCLjzP3hFkgnt8A=s1280" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="1280" height="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMUgU0m2bvvz-WwkjuJ2t_mSVXYJUqoPVjefnNV0U5QzyvCl0LjqA4-olAnhoZ6k4O0LjdwfjBDycjS77_GrHLwkNF4WxtzDdp8XFBCa_EGDMkOzsPWHJK6nvLdTOx80mNtuCRTkplEOWinvP6Gr1jqzvgeIqVmfnG1IEtunXj--_dCLjzP3hFkgnt8A=w571-h307" width="571" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Sanitation and Water for All
(SWA) adalah wadah kemitraan global yang didukung United Nations (UN) dengan tujuan untuk mencapai TPB 6. Sebagai
kemitraan global dengan visi untuk meningkatkan akses air minum dan sanitasi
untuk semua, seluruh negara dan mitra pembangunan SWA berkolaborasi untuk memperkuat
penyediaan dan keberlanjutan layanan air minum dan sanitasi, serta memastikan akuntabilitas
seluruh pemangku kepentingan. Salah satu strategi untuk memperkuat komitmen konstituen
SWA adalah dengan membentuk Mutual Accountability Mechanism (MAM).</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Jejaring AMPL dan Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) terpilih
sebagai mitra SWA di Indonesia untuk mengimplementasikan dukungan katalitik MAM dan telah mengadakan
Kick-off Webinar tentang Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) dan Mutual
Accountability Mechanism (MAM) pada hari Rabu, tanggal 16 Februari 2022.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Untuk Video lengkapnya dapat dilihat pada link berikut : <a href="https://youtu.be/UlN_nGmFOZE">klik video</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Link lain terkait kegiatan : <a href="https://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/news/how-swa-partners-are-preparing-2022-sector-ministers-meeting#comment-1406">Klik Link</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Agus Setiawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08037854022170563742noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-87242948888583211962021-09-12T22:25:00.001-07:002021-09-12T22:25:03.500-07:00Strengthening mutual accountability and partnerships for WASH, Country Brief, Indonesia<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzuhzgMuzkgMEGFMaZstbHyoWu7xWRdCYZ11OVd61AmPK-3v_BwQ8ItvLASCeHtv6rncT-lWuIxF9ds9Pm2nbDV3UDOHbFMWvr6hU-0GwImjMoIM4GUqPpKxUaaGO9getTb6h9lQbxZNs/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="608" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzuhzgMuzkgMEGFMaZstbHyoWu7xWRdCYZ11OVd61AmPK-3v_BwQ8ItvLASCeHtv6rncT-lWuIxF9ds9Pm2nbDV3UDOHbFMWvr6hU-0GwImjMoIM4GUqPpKxUaaGO9getTb6h9lQbxZNs/w538-h325/image.png" width="538" /></a></div><br />Source: <a href="https://cloud.crpg.info/docs/SWASNAID.pdf" target="_blank">Cunningham R; Al'Afghani, MM; Qowamuna NA; Winterford, K; Willetts, J (2021)</a><p></p><p><br /></p><p>This study identified five main findings, as follows:</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">There are various multi-stakeholder platforms in the national level in Indonesia which have
varied characteristics, functions and membership, and some overlaps, and include five
main platforms (Pokja, Jejaring, Sanitation Partners Group, Pokja PKP, Pokja Sanitasi).
These platforms primarily serve as communication and coordination platforms between
WASH stakeholders rather than serving to support accountability. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">The social network analysis demonstrated high fragmentation and low cohesion across
WASH stakeholders, with some WASH organisations having unique networks that they
operate within, but which are not shared by other organisations. Donor and aid
organisations had more frequent interactions with government compared to local NGOs
and research organisations. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">Currently there is no mutual accountability mechanism in place between national WASH
stakeholders. Rather, there is evidence of accountability occurring internally within
organisations or institutions. There is also evidence of accountability from development
partner/NGO to the national government, and there are traditional vertical accountability
mechanisms, a medium-term development plan to guide overall direction of the sector
and mechanisms such as the Ombudsman and regular reporting. However, these do not
constitute mutual accountability between WASH stakeholders. The existing multi-stakeholder platforms do not explicitly enable mutual accountability between WASH
stakeholders. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">COVID-19 did not change the existing accountability mechanisms. However, it changed
the way WASH stakeholders communicate. The method of communication shifted from
the traditional face-to-face communication to online communication. Online
communication was considered to be more flexible, as well as cost and time effective. As
such, by utilizing online platform, there is a potential to enhance participation of WASH stakeholders in WASH discussion. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">5. Most WASH stakeholders had heard about SWA as a global partnership, but they were
not aware of its specific activities in Indonesia. This is due to Indonesia’s relatively recent
participation in SWA (Indonesia joined SWA in 2017) - as such most non-SWA partner
organisations had no or little knowledge about SWA activities – and there was an absence
of a multi stakeholder forum to facilitate Indonesia’s commitment in SWA.
To increase accountability between WASH stakeholders, a forum that enables mutual
accountability mechanism is needed. There is no need to establish a completely new forum as the
existing multi-stakeholder forum can be optimized to accommodate this need – it is, however,
important to redesign and improve the quality and effectiveness of the existing forum for it to
function well. In line with the MAM, Pokja and Jejaring AMPL, which primarily function as a
communication and coordination platform, can be redesigned to enable a process to hold
stakeholders accountable for their commitments – allowing assessment, reviews, and necessary
adjustments to the stakeholders’ performance. The MAM will have the potential to bind its
members and enforce commitment implementation provided that there is a high-level support from
the President as a reflection of political will as well as SWA’s strong support in the national and
global level are essential to achieve this goal.</li></ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Download the <a href="https://cloud.crpg.info/docs/swamamindonesia.pdf" target="_blank">full report here</a></div><p></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-20199415025337156412021-09-12T20:14:00.003-07:002021-09-12T20:15:40.414-07:00Memperbaiki Arah Reformasi Regulasi<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL62DrkueXH2MnwRnZlmW_ZZKpRbatsltEo5FJWTM3H-TAIGMkXu26KsslHuQlRfSj0FljRbhSTlPiS1XAgVzDU1USEl9zFTRcnarM2fXjV76TX9XqCdawUDD2HO54gjY9VcccJ1PUA0k/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="159" data-original-width="318" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL62DrkueXH2MnwRnZlmW_ZZKpRbatsltEo5FJWTM3H-TAIGMkXu26KsslHuQlRfSj0FljRbhSTlPiS1XAgVzDU1USEl9zFTRcnarM2fXjV76TX9XqCdawUDD2HO54gjY9VcccJ1PUA0k/" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Al’Afghani, Mohamad Mova. “<i>Memperbaiki Arah Reformasi Regulasi di Indonesia</i>”. Implementasi Penguatan Regulasi dan Hukum di Indonesia, Seminar Nasional 2021, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor, UIKA Press, 2021 (Bookchapter)</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Abstrak</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Reformasi regulasi di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh dua konsep: <i>command and control</i> dan regulasi publik. Regulasi di Indonesia dipahami secara sempit hanya sebagai “peraturan perundang-undangan”. Obesitas dan inefisiensi regulasi tidak bisa ditangani hanya dengan cara mengurangi kuantitas peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah, tetapi dengan mengalihkan fungsi regulasi dan dengan memahami insentif dalam regulasi. Untuk mengurangi obesitas, inefisiensi dan tumpang tindih regulasi, makalah ini menjelaskan beberapa teknik dan jenis regulasi yang dapat diimplementasikan, diantaranya: regulasi privat, regulasi mandiri, regulasi monopoli alamiah, regulasi berbasis resiko dan regulasi algoritmik. Keseluruhan teknik ini dapat dikombinasikan satu sama lain termasuk didalamnya dengan<i> command-and-control</i>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://regulasi.net/files/memperbaiki_arah_reformasi_regulasi.pdf" target="_blank">Download Paper</a>.</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-17275762793875905742021-09-12T19:58:00.001-07:002021-09-12T19:58:30.419-07:00Alienating the 'Private' Sector: Implications of the Invalidation of the Water Law by the Indonesian Constitutional Court<p>Journal of Water Law 26/3 (2019)</p><p>In 2015, the Indonesian Constitutional Court invalidated Law no 7 Year 2004 on Water Resources. At the heart of the Judicial Review was the extent of private sector’s involvement in Indonesia’s water sector and the effort to regain “state control” on water resources, as required by the Constitution. In order to realize “state control”, the Constitutional Court decreed that state owned and region owned enterprises should be prioritized in the management of water resources. Further, involvement of private enterprise should be restricted and is only possible after water is allocated to other priorities. Unfortunately the Court did not define what is meant by “private sector”. This paper criticized the decision and discuss its far reaching implications.</p><p>Keywords: water, law, indonesia, privatization, constitution, private, constitution, policy</p><p><a href="https://regulasi.net/files/privatesectorwaterindonesia.pdf" target="_blank">Download</a></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-37890342479741880702021-05-24T20:37:00.004-07:002021-05-24T20:39:27.916-07:00Konsep Regulasi Berbasis Risiko: Telaah Kritis dalam Penerapannya pada Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja <p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9EBtssyypG0Gd-SEwtqXPJUJ21tG5bJs4PzKXXFHqac8eUvSeyvUaAKUSCRoPvNZQDkvKWTIGmgqnmjb_ZjNEzJL_dn2t5X8_EU3HHu6odv-wybAmgFQ2VAsZfJ0oShtDjoTyNppWIRQ/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9EBtssyypG0Gd-SEwtqXPJUJ21tG5bJs4PzKXXFHqac8eUvSeyvUaAKUSCRoPvNZQDkvKWTIGmgqnmjb_ZjNEzJL_dn2t5X8_EU3HHu6odv-wybAmgFQ2VAsZfJ0oShtDjoTyNppWIRQ/" width="320" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><b>Abstrak</b><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja menekankan pada kemudahan untuk melakukan
usaha. Salah satu hal yang menjadi perhatian adalah penyederhanaan perizinan
berusaha. Konsep Regulasi Berbasis Risiko menarik bagi program penyederhanaan
perizinan karena diasumsikan bahwa penerapannya dapat mengurangi jumlah
perizinan. Namun, penerapan analisis resiko untuk menapis izin merupakan
sesuatu yang berbeda dengan penerapan konsep Regulasi Berbasis Risiko di
negara-negara lain. Selain itu, penerapan regulasi berbasis risiko juga perlu
memperhatikan kritik yang tidak terakomodasi dalam Undang-Undang. Tulisan
ini menjabarkan 4 (empat) kritik atas penerapan regulasi berbasis risiko dalam
Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, yaitu (i) format omnibus merancukan penilaian
risiko, (ii) risiko volatilitas belum dipertimbangkan, (iii) risiko sistemik belum
dipertimbangkan serta (iv) potensi “regulatory capture”. Secara konseptual,
penerapan regulasi berbasis risiko memantik diskursus akademik mengenai
pengertian regulasi secara luas yang telah jauh berkembang dari pemaknaan sempit dalam wacana akademik di Indonesia yang mendefinisikannya sebatas
peraturan perundang-undangan semata. </p><p>Kata kunci: Regulasi, Regulasi Berbasis Risiko, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja,
Omnibus. </p><p><b>Abstract </b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The Law on Job Creation emphasizes the ease of doing business. One of the things
that is of concern is the simplification of business permit. The concept of risk-based
regulation is attractive to simplify the programs due to the assumption that it may
cut off a number of licenses. However, the application of risk analysis to screen
permits is something different from other countries. In addition, the application
of risk-based regulations also needs to pay attention to the critique that is not
accommodated in the Law. This paper describes 4 (four) critiques of the application
of risk-based regulation in the Law, (i) the omnibus format confuses risk assessment,
(ii) volatility risk has not been considered, (iii) systemic risk has not been considered
and (iv) potential “regulatory capture”. Conceptually, the application of risk-based
regulation has sparked an academic discourse regarding the broad understanding
of regulation that has evolved far from the narrow meaning in academic discourse
in Indonesia which defines it only as a statutory regulation. </p><p>Keywords: Regulation, Risk Based Ragulation, Job Creation Law, Omnibus</p><p><a href="https://cloud.crpg.info/docs/001-000_Mova_Bisar_033121.pdf" target="_blank"><b>Download paper disini</b></a>.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-65234096475792215532021-01-28T00:15:00.003-08:002021-01-28T00:15:23.139-08:00Water Allocation Issues Under Law 17/2019<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih4IBn_8ci4jVLESyprdvFfl_R57If0uCh8d0dulPgnfrhMT5lJ7mZ6nd22Sz8iT7CW-FTuEjZkhzNsBbvPJT2NZh5kVUgnTwVLL7tpckDHsJqyLUDEgGZ2FD5u0Z1dR_eE4w1hfYP8lA/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="671" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih4IBn_8ci4jVLESyprdvFfl_R57If0uCh8d0dulPgnfrhMT5lJ7mZ6nd22Sz8iT7CW-FTuEjZkhzNsBbvPJT2NZh5kVUgnTwVLL7tpckDHsJqyLUDEgGZ2FD5u0Z1dR_eE4w1hfYP8lA/w323-h219/image.png" width="323" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>CRPG released Policy Brief 01/2021: <a href="https://cloud.crpg.info/docs/Policy_Brief_01_2021.pdf" target="_blank">Water Allocation Issues Under Law 17/2019</a>. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Five issues on water allocation were raised: prioritization of drinking water utility, conflict between the same category of uses, groundwater and conjunctive uses, water footprint and the impact of jobs creation law.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-50571404049157097132020-12-15T04:20:00.004-08:002020-12-15T04:22:51.220-08:00Larangan Pendayagunaan Air di Wilayah Konservasi Mengancam Industri Geothermal dan Mikrohidro?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SuUaEAEPqt9JVrzQqGVlZGmPRDnfk7UeMvA3xAVidUphjAqFBiAsfO8QpajlQLG4IxvmRpJtrAsTHvV0oirBH2pq6ediWmuzlYJsDC5VXHUdBSC_H46I534vaOX5S5lJrJiKgHn2bDE/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="810" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SuUaEAEPqt9JVrzQqGVlZGmPRDnfk7UeMvA3xAVidUphjAqFBiAsfO8QpajlQLG4IxvmRpJtrAsTHvV0oirBH2pq6ediWmuzlYJsDC5VXHUdBSC_H46I534vaOX5S5lJrJiKgHn2bDE/" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Policy Brief 01/20 CRPG yang berjudul "Larangan Pendayagunaan Air di Wilayah Konservasi Mengancam Industri Geothermal dan Mikrohidro?" dapat diunduh <a href="https://cloud.crpg.info/docs/Policy_Brief_01_2020_IND.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">disini</a>.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9a8a2bda-7fff-9720-3b14-3a1621789f4f"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></p><blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9a8a2bda-7fff-9720-3b14-3a1621789f4f"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></p><blockquote><span id="docs-internal-guid-9a8a2bda-7fff-9720-3b14-3a1621789f4f"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pasal 33 UU 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air (UUSDA) melarang pendayagunaan air di wilayah konservasi, kecuali untuk kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari bagi orang perseorangan. Pasal tersebut berbunyi: “</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(1) SetiapOrang dilarang melakukan Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air di kawasan suaka alam dan kawasan pelestarian alam. (2) Larangan Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikecualikan bagi orang perseorangan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari yang tidak dimanfaatkan sebagai bentuk usaha</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.” Dalam Pasal 69 diatur bahwa pelanggaran atas ketentuan ini dapat berujung pada sanksi pidana berupa penjara sampai dengan 6 (enam) tahun dan denda sampai dengan 10 miliar rupiah. </span></span></blockquote><span id="docs-internal-guid-9a8a2bda-7fff-9720-3b14-3a1621789f4f"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>==== </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 13.68pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"></span></p><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><blockquote style="text-align: justify;">Pemanfaatan air dalam KSA dan KPA misalnya, diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.64/Menhut-Ii/2013 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pemanfaatan Air Dan Energi Air Di Suaka Margasatwa, Taman Nasional, Taman Hutan Raya, dan Taman Wisata Alam (selanjutnya “P64/2013”). Dalam P64/2013, air maupun energi air dalam kawasan konservasi dapat dimanfaatkan, baik untuk kepentingan komersial maupun kepentingan non-komersial. P64/2013 menerangkan bahwa pemanfaatan air dan energi air dapat dilakukan pada blok atau zona di suaka margasatwa, taman nasional, taman hutan raya atau taman wisata alam, kecuali blok perlindungan, zona inti atau zona rimba. </blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 13.68pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">P64/2013 menginduk pada Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Kawasan Suaka Alam Dan Kawasan Pelestarian Alam (“PP 28”). PP 28 dengan gamblang mengizinkan pemanfaatan air pada KSA dan KPA. Pasal 37 dari PP 28 secara eksplisit membolehkan pemanfaatan air dilakukan pada Taman Wisata Alam (Taman Wisata Alam sendiri merupakan bagian dari KPA). Sementara itu, Pasal 34 dari PP 28 membolehkan pemanfaatan air pada Suaka Margasatwa (Suaka Margasatwa sendiri merupakan bagian dari KSA). Lebih lanjut, dalam Pasal 40 PP 28/2011 ditegaskan bahwa “</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan KSA dan KPA untuk penyimpanan dan/atau penyerapan karbon, pemanfaatan air, serta energi air, panas, dan angin diatur dengan peraturan Menteri</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.” </span></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 13.68pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-440b1340-7fff-f407-39fd-58851222f35f"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.995pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-28311284793942112942020-08-18T20:51:00.003-07:002020-08-18T20:52:41.851-07:00Risk-based approach in job creation bill lacks academic rigor<p><img alt="Risk,word,letters,boggle,game - free image from needpix.com" 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" /></p><p><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Risk-based approach in job creation bill lacks academic rigor</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/03/03/risk-based-approach-in-job-creation-bill-lacks-rigor.html" target="_blank">The Jakarta Post, March 3, 2020</a></span></p><p><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Mohamad Mova AlAfghani</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-060fbdb7-7fff-67a9-215b-f112dace5022"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Bogor. West Java </span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Director, Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite the criticisms laid against the job creation bill, we need to commend the government for its courageous effort, not only to consolidate and harmonize around 70 laws, but also to introduce an overarching risk-based approach to our legal system. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most critics focus on two primary issues: (1) sectoral issues, arguments of which usually revolve around the “loss of protection”, be it for the environment, labor or certain aspects of human rights; and (2) procedural issues, with many criticizing the “omnibus” legislative process as lacking transparency.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">However, few have paid enough attention to the risk-based approach used in the bill, even though this mechanism will fundamentally alter our regulatory system and may even raise question on whether it would be compatible with our Constitution.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Risk-based regulations require the government to prioritize regulatory burdens and resources toward “high-risk” activities. Risks, of course, constitute the “likelihood” and the “severity” of the potential impact of a particular activity: the higher the likelihood and the severity of the impact, the higher the risk.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The resources available to regulators for inspecting and monitoring are always limited. Thus, why spend taxpayer’s money on small risks? Regulations would be more efficient if resources are spent only on high-risk activities – or so the theory goes.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Indeed, the job creation bill follows this approach. Only high-risk businesses will require a license (Article 11) and the level of supervision depends on the level of risk: Hence, the higher the risk, the more intense the scrutiny. This sounds about right, except for the fact that theories on risk-based regulation have moved past this.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The bill overlooks two things that are addressed in the regulatory policy literature: volatile risk and cumulative risk.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The former refers to risks that could be high during a certain season but low during another. For example, theft and burglary in residential areas are volatile risks: They increase during long holiday seasons such as Idul Fitri when millions of people travel back to their hometowns, but are relatively low during normal days. Fortunately, these risks are predictable, so homeowners can hire additional security during Idul Fitri. However, other risks like those related to climate change may not be so obvious.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Other risks could be low or medium but they are actually systemic and thus, incur cumulative costs on society. Homeowners, for example, may park their second vehicles on a neighborhood street without permission. If we look at this individually, then the risk (in terms of severity) is low compared to truck owners who park their vehicles on the street. But if everyone does this (since a permit is not required), then the street will become clogged with vehicles and becomes a systemic risk.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We can see here that “locking down” regulatory resources and licensing only high-risk activities could be very dangerous, as this would mean that regulators will be legally required to ignore both volatile and cumulative risks.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The job creation bill contains a paradox: It aims to broaden the discretion of public officials, but the clauses in Articles 8 and 11 actually narrow it.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Targeting supervision to “high risk” (Article 11) also contradicts theories on regulatory policy. It is not always the case that high-risk activities must be exposed to intense supervision. Theoretically speaking, a risk-based regulatory approach shifts the burden of risk from regulator to the companies’ risk management system. In other words, if the companies manage their risks, no matter how high, the level of supervision can be reduced. This can be proven over time through their compliance records. Although this is the general rule, the UK’s Hampton Report of 2005 warned that random checks on historically compliant firms were still required.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Article 8 “locks down” the types of risk to several subjects: health, security, environment and natural resource use. Strictly speaking, anything outside of these four subjects are not considered a risk.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What if a certain cultural heritage might be lost due to certain business activities? Let’s say a traditional community holds a religious ceremony on a site they consider sacred, but the local government wants to build a shopping mall there. Is that activity not considered a risk? Unfortunately, no. If Article 8 makes it into law, then local governments can be legally forbidden from considering threats to cultural heritage as a risk.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This also shows that risk is a matter of perception. What constitutes a risk is different from person to person and from culture to culture. Whether a risk is deemed high or low can also differ from one person to another. Whether a risk is acceptable or not is also a matter of perception. The “risk” of risk-based regulation is that it may reduce regulatory activities into mere actuarial activities.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Another risk that risk-based regulations pose is the risk to public accountability. We cannot blame public officials from failing to address cumulative risks and other issues that are not considered a risk by law (such as the aforementioned cultural heritage).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In fact, risk-based regulations can be linked to bureaucratic incentives. For example, directorates and work units can be evaluated in terms of their budget. Have they used their budget “efficiently”, that is, in supervising only high-risk activities? If yes, then they are rewarded for their performance; if not, then they are penalized.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This can be dangerous, however, since officials are deliberately incentivized to ignore volatile and cumulative risks. Hence, “risks” can be used to measure the performance and budgetary accountability of a government unit, but at the same time, the government unit can evade accountability for activities that are not legally considered “risks”.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Finally, predetermining the types of risk in the bill (Article 8, point 3) will eventually cause confusion. In other countries such as the UK, risk identification always starts with a regulator’s interpretation of its statutory objectives (Black and Baldwin, 2012, Baldwin 2012), and “risks” are those issues that impede the attainment of those objectives. For the England-Wales water regulator (OFWAT), its objective is to “further the consumer objective”, and secondly to “secure … the functions of a water undertaker”. OFWAT then develops its risk-based approach for several items, from water shortages during drought to contamination and to burst pipes (OFWAT, 2015).</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Therefore, in both the literature and practice, “risk” is determined by interpreting the statutes first and then detailing the subjects according to each agency’s regulatory objectives. OFWAT will thus have a different risk set compared to the telecommunications regulator OFTEL, for example.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Indonesia seems to be taking a different approach in the job creation bill, wherein the general types of risk are predetermined according to Article 8(3): health, safety, environment and natural resource use. If regulators actually experience certain risks in practice that do not fall into these categories, they will be overlooked. Our society will then bear the cost of this oversight. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">None of the above issues were discussed as far as the academic draft of the bill is concerned. The only relevant literature mentioned in the academic draft is the OECD’s 2010 “Risk and Regulatory Policy” report, which is wholly inadequate for a bill that could fundamentally alter our regulatory system.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><div><span face="" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span><div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-74639421486041332482020-07-15T05:28:00.001-07:002020-07-15T05:32:01.794-07:00Apakah Perawatan Transformator Merupakan Jalan Masuk Kontaminasi PCB?<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selepas fase Pembatasan Sosial
Berskala Besar (PSBB) industri berangsur-angsur memacu kegiatan produksi hingga
dapat beroperasi hingga kapasitas penuh. Transformator listrik sebagai jantung
penggerak mesin produksi tentunya juga akan beroperasi secara penuh sehingga
mungkin akan membutuhkan perawatan setelah non-aktif selama beberapa waktu. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Perawatan transformator yang tidak
sesuai prosedur diduga dapat mengakibatkan kontaminasi senyawa <i>Polychlorinated
biphenyls</i> (PCBs) terhadap transformator. Sebagaimana diketahui, senyawa
PCBs telah dilarang di Indonesia. Merujuk peraturan perundang-undangan yang
berlaku, transformator yang terkontaminasi PCBs wajib dibersihkan dan/atau
dimusnahkan sebelum tahun 2028 sehingga tentu akan menjadi beban ekonomi yang
tidak sedikit bagi industri. Mencegah kontaminasi tentunya jauh lebih mudah dan
ekonomis daripada menangani transformator yang terontaminasi PCBs.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance
(CRPG) bekerja sama dengan PT. Ecoverse Indonesia Lestari (ECOVERSE) dan PT.
Hyprowira Adhitama mengundang industri, khususnya Senior Manajemen dari
Divisi/Bagian Kesehatan dan Keselematan Kerja dan Lingkungan (K3L) atau <i>Health
Safety and Environment</i> (HSE) untuk menghadiri webinar guna membahas
kemungkinan kontaminasi PCBs pada transformator listrik pada saat perawatan dan
upaya pencegahannya. Webinar ini menghadirkan pakar dan praktisi yang telah
berpengalaman dalam hal perawatan transformator dan pengelolaan PCBs. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Webinar akan diadakan pada:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hari/Tanggal : Rabu, 29 Juli 2020</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Waktu : 09.00 – 12.15 WIB</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Link Registrasi : </span><span lang="EN-US"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://bit.ly/pcbperawatantrafo&source=gmail&ust=1594900831667000&usg=AFQjCNGgPMHiOe4mvx6RBlGzPnmap5MSjA" href="https://bit.ly/pcbperawatantrafo" style="color: #0563c1;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://bit.ly/<wbr></wbr>pcbperawatantrafo</span></a></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Webinar ini tidak dipungut bayaran (gratis). </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLmvQdPppxi9YjY0DU_1kEG-PzptgPtsSSgNre9okRTfTNXt0iBqspw7Au4UcDTGriDy2gbSIyatERq8R6wwjwo58eQ_gYWG_ouzLLBQA8iSRgsPTbI_19kCiD7O1vh1jcMrGLs0uIi_E/s1600/Pamflet+Zoom+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1280" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLmvQdPppxi9YjY0DU_1kEG-PzptgPtsSSgNre9okRTfTNXt0iBqspw7Au4UcDTGriDy2gbSIyatERq8R6wwjwo58eQ_gYWG_ouzLLBQA8iSRgsPTbI_19kCiD7O1vh1jcMrGLs0uIi_E/s320/Pamflet+Zoom+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-43455368568124803442019-06-05T06:23:00.001-07:002019-06-05T06:23:25.135-07:00Jalan Rekonsiliasi AHY<div>Jalan Rekonsiliasi AHY</div><div>Oleh</div><div>Mohammad Jibriel Avessina</div><div>Analis Perilaku politik </div><div><br></div><div>Momen kunjungan silaturahmi Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY) ke rumah Megawati adalah peristiwa sosial yang menarik untuk disimak. Apalagi, hal ini merupakan aktivitas kunjungan yang pertama dilakukan AHY, selepas ziarah ke makam Ibunda Ani Yudhoyono, yang baru saja wafat pada 1 juni 2019 yang lalu.</div><div><br></div><div>Pilihan AHY untuk menempatkan prioritas kunjungan silaturahmi pada rumah Megawati pada hari pertama lebaran, sarat akan makna. </div><div><br></div><div>Kunjungan ini menegaskan penghormatan AHY pada Megawati sebagai Ibu bangsa,dihormati seperti layaknya orang tua sendiri. Ada penghormatan atas perannya pada sesepuh bangsa</div><div><br></div><div>Padahal, relasi SBY-Mega selama SBY sepuluh tahun menjabat dianggap oleh publik relatif dingin. Persepsi ini muncul, sebab keduanya jarang tampil bersama dalam acara publik.</div><div><br></div><div>Tetapi, persepsi tersebut rupanya tidak tepat . Kunjungan AHY ternyata berlangsung dengan hangat,guyub dengan semangat kekeluargaan, tak ada bekas guratan konflik.</div><div><br></div><div>Kegiatan merajut silaturahmi baik pada sesepuh bangsa maupun kalangan muda dalam komponen bangsa ternyata merupakan watak khas AHY.</div><div><br></div><div>Figur AHY misalnya tidak ragu untuk sowan pada tokoh tokoh bangsa senior. AHY juga rajin melaksanakan silaturahmi pada putra dan putri presiden dan mantan presiden. Kiprahnya dalam merajut silaturahmi terlihat, AHY ikut ambil bagian dalam deklarasi bogor, yang diinisiasi oleh 9 tokoh muda bangsa.</div><div><br></div><div>Sebagai pemimpin muda, AHY memberikan teladan, _to lead by example_ tak banyak kata kata yang diucapkannya, tetapi tindakannya menjadi contoh bagi kita. Dari kiprahnya kita tahu, AHY merupakan kualitas yang relatif jarang dimiliki anak muda kita: Cerdas, Santun, rendah hati dan punya komitmen kemanusiaan. </div><div><br></div><div>Sebagaimana wejangan yang selalu diucapkan oleh almarhum Gus Dur pada kita, diatas politik ada kemanusiaan.</div> <div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Mohammad Jibriel Avessinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06260536314946896894noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-62966139793506031932019-02-28T21:58:00.001-08:002019-02-28T21:58:06.464-08:00A Critique to Community Based Water Model in Indonesia<div style="text-align: justify;">
Our article is published in the Water Alternatives Journal: Not Built to Last: Improving Legal and Institutional Arrangements for Community-Based Water and Sanitation Service Delivery in Indonesia (download <a href="http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/for-authors/490-a12-1-16/file" target="_blank">here</a>). The article criticizes the community-based water model in Indonesia which are built, without paying attention to the legal and institutional framework, thus compromising its sustainability. </div>
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This article is developed from four different research projects. </div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-71559317184459840402018-10-12T22:54:00.001-07:002018-10-13T02:12:24.768-07:00Kertas Posisi Masukan Jejaring AMPL untuk RUU SDA<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_FUqhfDpAyqdCy5DOfVM21vhfc1gmgkgIvhxGgjskwra5OaRVkv1NN-8eIAT5lb1RPOeRPgpqTdoUI461_NHjjz0DheDcR-7pN3iFvgGr-LQ8z1TItI5dP0f8QIYJ48hKas_gi2OBnbM/s1600/42359182_10156623331118610_3411040284631367680_o.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_FUqhfDpAyqdCy5DOfVM21vhfc1gmgkgIvhxGgjskwra5OaRVkv1NN-8eIAT5lb1RPOeRPgpqTdoUI461_NHjjz0DheDcR-7pN3iFvgGr-LQ8z1TItI5dP0f8QIYJ48hKas_gi2OBnbM/s320/42359182_10156623331118610_3411040284631367680_o.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbkg6H6F94h23l3MVVXJnKPh7Ud3kLIJfWbwskzEt3SLjDjBi8W7RvkQP_L1jzu0YMRhu82fA_4dc-pQ8HICdX4jGQEZZZCEk-SIvymRUrnqQkzGQHeQ9o9t7mrW9FvtTX-LDFqdC0-YM/s1600/42227766_10156615702263610_2632112982993141760_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbkg6H6F94h23l3MVVXJnKPh7Ud3kLIJfWbwskzEt3SLjDjBi8W7RvkQP_L1jzu0YMRhu82fA_4dc-pQ8HICdX4jGQEZZZCEk-SIvymRUrnqQkzGQHeQ9o9t7mrW9FvtTX-LDFqdC0-YM/s320/42227766_10156615702263610_2632112982993141760_n.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9UWYXRAgpSpL-gFbyzGwIfb8iV4k2xKEz55sR4IMyvmGJOv4RYzdhBsQtyyDig79i4_34uJq9nW8qXVYs4J2lvCE3VllFoGHiiT04rLsMeIaN0IX_U__bTxGtzVVbALO8U90v1HU8snw/s1600/42139068_10156623430043610_3416829754517487616_n.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9UWYXRAgpSpL-gFbyzGwIfb8iV4k2xKEz55sR4IMyvmGJOv4RYzdhBsQtyyDig79i4_34uJq9nW8qXVYs4J2lvCE3VllFoGHiiT04rLsMeIaN0IX_U__bTxGtzVVbALO8U90v1HU8snw/s320/42139068_10156623430043610_3416829754517487616_n.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjlp7AQruPqYncaNNETCwQoxem_s7Qg0xXt1Jw0I1LJqkU8BqR7sUSG1GehfMJpXxMWERun7XrhjKZ4SLt3hc2hkr0pnrOjQYWK_3j4rEYf36VhNiXUpxAUxezLp29dszml6irjvw1u8/s1600/42345132_10156623331168610_2161502580167933952_o.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjlp7AQruPqYncaNNETCwQoxem_s7Qg0xXt1Jw0I1LJqkU8BqR7sUSG1GehfMJpXxMWERun7XrhjKZ4SLt3hc2hkr0pnrOjQYWK_3j4rEYf36VhNiXUpxAUxezLp29dszml6irjvw1u8/s320/42345132_10156623331168610_2161502580167933952_o.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) bersama dengan Global Water Partnership South East Asia, Jejaring AMPL dan UNICEF menyelenggarakan Focus Group Discussion "<i>Dampak RUU SDA Terhadap Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi</i>", 17 September 2018 di Jakarta. FGD ini kemudian dilanjutkan dengan workshop "<i>Rekomendasi Multipihak atas Dampak RUU Sumber Daya Air Terhadap Penyediaan Air Minum dan Air Limbah</i>" di Hotel Park Lane, Jakarta, 20 September 2018. Materi dari keseluruhan rangkaian FGD dan Workshop ini dipergunakan untuk memperkaya Kertas Posisi Jejaring AMPL yang disampaikan kepada DPR secara simbolis pada tanggal 20 September 2018. </div>
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Bahan dan materi pada kegiatan diatas:</div>
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<li style="color: #999999; font-family: OpenSansRegular; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333300; font-family: "times new roman" , "times";">Kertas Posisi Masukan Jejaring AMPL Kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Perihal Rancangan Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Air (RUU SDA) (<a href="https://crpg.info/docs/ruusda/KertasPosisiRUUSDA.pdf" style="color: #db0b0b; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Download</a>)</span></li>
<li style="color: #999999; font-family: OpenSansRegular; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333300; font-family: "times new roman" , "times";">Workshop Hasil Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Multipihak atas Dampak RUU Sumber Daya Air Terhadap Penyediaan Air Minum dan Air Limbah, Hotel Park Lane, Jakarta, 20 September 2018 (<a href="https://crpg.info/docs/ruusda/WorkshopUNICEF.ppsx" style="color: #db0b0b; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Download</a>) </span></li>
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Bahan dan materi lainnya terkait <a href="http://blog.crpg.info/search/label/ruusda" target="_blank">RUUSDA</a><br />
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Berita terkait di situs <a href="http://www.jejaringampl.org/rekomendasi-jejaring-ampl-disambut-baik-dpr-ri/" target="_blank">Jejaring AMPL</a>.</div>
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<div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Movanethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10356608562678830076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1800407982648215581.post-82166522533006573992018-08-30T13:14:00.002-07:002019-07-15T19:55:20.998-07:00CRPG Presentation at the 2018 Dioxin Conference<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8FssPOABehQDS-2dvZ3w3ozsR_x-YJhlbJh7GxJvloBD_djYF4PauMHd2EK1fOy7b-J37y07wIbSfzMPul0H7fqKdpTmNXZVGjDe0wkCiiIqj5BZTlyxT-TWxmgVSh1PV5jLrK7TQolY/s1600/krakow.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8FssPOABehQDS-2dvZ3w3ozsR_x-YJhlbJh7GxJvloBD_djYF4PauMHd2EK1fOy7b-J37y07wIbSfzMPul0H7fqKdpTmNXZVGjDe0wkCiiIqj5BZTlyxT-TWxmgVSh1PV5jLrK7TQolY/s640/krakow.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />
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CRPG Director Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani gave a presentation at the Dioxin 2018 Conference in Krakow, Poland. His presentation was based on an earlier publication: AlAfghani, MM and Paramita, D, "<i>Regulatory Challenges in the Phasing-out of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Indonesia</i>", the International Chemical Regulatory and Law Review 01/2018 <a href="https://doi.org/10.21552/icrl/2018/1/5">https://doi.org/10.21552/icrl/2018/1/5</a></div>
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His conference presentation can be downloaded <a href="https://cloud.crpg.info/docs/pcb/KrakowPresentation.ppsx" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
<div class="blogger-post-footer">Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) http://crpg.info </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00655928445009738553noreply@blogger.com