Showing posts with label community. Show all posts
Showing posts with label community. Show all posts
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Regulatory Framework for Local Scale Wastewater / Kerangka Regulasi Air Limbah Skala Lokal

Thursday, March 31, 2016


CRPG recently completed its report (currently in layout stage) on the regulation of local scale wastewater commisioned for ISF UTS under the ADRAS project. We propose that regulatory framework specifically acknowledge local/community scale wastewater in the spectrum of wastewater provision and that community based organizations are accorded with distinct rights and obligations as a service provider. The template that we propose (above picture) can be incorporated into regional bylaws/regional regulation or national regulation.

To download the high quality resolution mind map, "save as" this link.

 

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Hasil Analisa Regulasi Air Limbah Skala Lokal

Sunday, March 27, 2016





Berikut adalah hasil analisa regulasi air limbah skala lokal, dipresentasikan pada pertemuan di Ditjen Cipta Karya dan Bappenas, Maret 8 dan 9, 2016. Riset ini terselenggara atas kerjasama antara ISF-UTS dengan CRPG, ODI dan Borda atas dana dari Australia Development Research Awards (ADRAS) Scheme.

Untuk mendownload versi penuhnya silahkan (save as) link ini.

Laporan akhir sedang dalam proses layout dan penterjemahan.

 

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Regulation of Community Based Water and Sanitation (January Review)

Sunday, February 1, 2015

The following is a review of blog posts on the regulation of community based water and sanitation in Indonesia to date. This posts reflects ongoing research by CRPG.


  1. "Opportunities and Challenges in Integrating Community-Based Water Services into the Legal Framework". This is my original 2013 draft paper on the regulation of community based watsan in Indonesia. Read more.
  2. "Ringkasan analisa pengaruh adat dalam proyek infrastruktur air"(in Bahasa Indonesia). The article summarizes our research on the influence of Adat (local custom) in community based water projects in East Nusa Tenggara province. Read more.
  3. "From the field: HIPPAMS Tirto Agung". A summary of our visit to one of the successful Community Based Organization in East Java. Read more.
  4. "The relationship between community based water services and regional water utility". Our research explores the conflict and (potential) cooperation between community based water provision versus provisions by regional water utilities (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum or PDAM). Read more.
  5. "From the field: Water CBO Year End Report". This post features how a village-level water CBO, HIPPAMS Tirto Agung (see no.3 above) present its year-end report. The administrative system is quite advanced for a village level CBO. Not all CBO is this advanced, however. Read more.
  6. "Regional autonomy principles restrict provinces in developing community based water and sanitation (?)" In this article, we analyzed that regional autonomy implemented in Indonesia may have impeded the development and sustainability of community-based water and sanitation. Read more.
This list will be updated in upcoming blogs posts as we move further with our research.

Update 30/07/2016:

 Full report, presentations and other research materials are available for download at the project page: Regulation of Community Water and Sanitation.

 

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Regional autonomy principles restrict provinces in developing community based water and sanitation (?)

Tuesday, January 20, 2015

We had a little chat today with several officials involved in the development of community based water and sanitation in East Java. One of the main obstacles in intervening in the development of community-based water and sanitation (Air Minum Penyehatan Lingkungan Berbasis Masyarakat or AMPL-BM) are due to regional autonomy. 

According to our sources, provinces can no longer intervene in the development of community-based watsan in regencies/municipalities, since their authority in water provisions are limited to inter-municipality/inter-regencies initiatives or in areas regarded as "water scarce". Indeed, regional autonomy principles bars provinces from interfering in local (regency/municipality) affairs. Water provision is considered as local affairs. On the other hand, almost all of community-based watsan initiatives are conducted at local level.

Our sources told that Law 23 is quite strict in terms of restricting provincial involvement into inter regency/municipality initiatives whereas Government Regulation 38 provides permit some intervention for water scarce areas. For now, provincial governments can intervene through "belanja hibah" (provincial grants). However, this scheme is not entirely secure. The Ministry of Interior have conducted review of the province's regional budget and conclude that such grants mechanism is incompatible with regional autonomy principles. 

We will conduct a legal analysis of regional autonomy laws and recommend feasible solution to this problem. 

 

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From the field: Water CBO Year End Report

Sunday, January 18, 2015

Here's a year-end presentation (in Bahasa Indonesia) that we obtained from a local Community Based Water and Sanitation Organization, HIPPAMS Tirto Agung, Tlanak Village, Lamongan Regency in East Java. The CBO is one of the best in East Java. The reporting, administrative and financial system is quite modern. They are equipped with accounting software. They have also implemented a progressive tariff. Obviously, there are challenges and rooms for improvement that we will highlight in our final report, but this is probably one of the best model of water CBO currently in existence. 





Download the above presentation in pdf format.

For further contact:

HIPPAMS Tirto Agung, Jl. A. Yani No. 01
Desa Tlanak, Kedungpring, Lamongan
Telepon:0852-3280-6295
Drs Panggeng Siswadi, M.Pd (Ketua)
e-mail: panggengs(at)yahoo.com

 

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The relationship between community based water services and regional water utility

Tuesday, January 13, 2015

One of the aspects we examine in our Indii-AIIRA research on the regulatory framework for community based water services is the relationship between local water utilities in CBO.

As we all know, the National Policy on Community Based Drinking Water and Environmental Health (Kebijakan Nasional AMPL BM) differentiates between community based versus non community based (the policy uses the term community versus "institution based" services. "Institution based" services includes PDAM. Our research looks at how these regimes interact.

One of the dominant view we observe in our research is that CB WS is perceived as a voluntary effort. CB initiatives are perceived as inherently temporary, until PDAM can expand its network to remote areas. We discovered cases where PDAM actually expands to regions where CBs are already present.

Some of the issues that we encounter are the following:

1. Health PDAMs can oftentimes provides water reliable quantity and quality and have the capacity to expand network to remote areas served by CB.

2. Villagers may opt for PDAM services, provided that they can ensure quality abd quantity as above, rather than CB services, if they have both the willingness and capability to pay.

3. However, PDAM services costs more than CB services, due to various treatment, technology and expertise employed there. Consumer may choose lower water quality provided by CB over PDAM. This is case where consumer preference prevails.

4. In times of drought, water sources used by CB depletes. Healthy PDAMs can be more reliable in terms of securing water supply as they have the technology and resources to treat surface water, whereas, most CB uses groundwater. In these cases, consumer preference plays no role. Consumer may tend to choose to switch to PDAM from CB.

5. The coordination between PDAM, CB and other initiatives are crucial. This must be reflected in RISPAM (water plan)  and informally in day to day activities.

 

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From the field: HIPPAMS Tirto Agung

Sunday, January 11, 2015

As a part of our AIIRA research, the CRPG team conduct a field study in Lamongan Regency, East Java. We were invited to an annual stakeholders meeting of HIPPAMS Tirto Agung at Tlanak Village, Kedungpring District, around 23 kilometres from the city of Lamongan.

The presentation was made by HIPPAMS (Community Based Organisation for Water and Sanitation) chairman Panggeng Siswadi and attended by the Village Head and apparatus. The Tirto Agung Hippams have been able to increase coverage of almost four times since its establishment. It has healthy financials productive assets. Coverage is reported at 90 % and non revenue water is at 18%. A part if their revenue is dedicated to sanitation, thus the picture where the chairman is handing over a closet.

We are specifically interested in analyzing their statutes and village based regulatory framework, their organisational culture and service standard, as well as the role of the regency in monitoring and evaluation.

 

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Ringkasan analisa pengaruh adat dalam proyek infrastruktur air

Sunday, December 7, 2014

Kami saat ini sedang menganalisa hasil studi lapangan mengenai pengelolaan proyek infrastruktur air bersih di Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Berdasarkan studi lapangan kami menemukan pengaruh lembaga adat dalam proses keberlanjutan proyek infrastruktur air. Dalam penelitian lapangan ini pendalaman ini  selain pengambilan data tertulis berupa,akta pendirian, laporan kegiatan LSM, laporan kegiatan lembaga donor, Laporan kegiatan pemerintah, peraturan lokal maupun mekanisme tertulis lokal dalam keputusan-keputusan yang dihasilkan oleh musyawarah desa, juga dilakukan wawancara, observasi partisipan terhadap informasi data lapangan (data tidak tertulis) untuk menjawab  pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian yang sudah disusun dalam Paduan TOR turun lapangan NTT. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam-terstruktur,observasi partisipan dan wawancara kelompok  terstruktur (FGD lokal). 
Dalam konteks ini,tim peneliti telah melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap informan pelaku regional pada tingkat Provinsi dan Kabupaten pada keiatan air minum penyehatan lingkungan-berbasis masyarakat.Lebih lanjut, tim peneliti melakukan wawancara terhadap  seluruh representasi stakeholder/pemangku kebijakan  yang terdiri dari dua puluh tujuh informan sebagai pelaku regional AMPL-BM yang diseleksi dari beragam latar belakang yakni pegiat LSM, tokoh masyarakat,tokoh adat,tokoh agama  maupun pelaku dari sektor pemerintah untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang utuh mengenai dinamika atas pelaksanaan  regulasi dan keberlanjutan  kegiatan AMPL_BM di  Kabupaten Ende,Nusa Tenggara Timur. Setidaknya ada empat poin utama temuan lapangan kami :
Pertama,Peran tokoh tokoh  adat harus dilibatkan dalam proses post-konstruksi dari proyek infrastruktur air dalam bentuk pennjukan aktor-aktor tokoh adat (Mosalaki) sebagai pemimpin organisasi formal pelayanan penyediaan air bersih (BPSPAM), keberadaan pemimpin adat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan pola organisasi BPSPAM .  
Kedua, Persepsi tentang iuran  dari masyarakat lokal yang perlu diletakan sebagai  "alat tukar" atas penghargaan tata nilai pranata adat di masyarakat, sehingga Iuran tidak dilihat sebagai kompensasi terhadap pelayanan air (Service) namun penghargaan terhadap penghormatan atas pranata adat karena telah mampu memanfaatan sumber daya alam.
Ketiga, Pengembangan model pendampingan pemerintah   dalam masa Post-kontruksi yang mencakup pendampingan organisasi serta pendampingan teknis
Keempat,Pembentukan sanksi sosial yang berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai pranata adat.



 

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Opportunities and Challenges in Integrating Community-Based Water Services into the Legal Framework: An Indonesia Case Study

Wednesday, November 14, 2012

 

Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani


University of Dundee - Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science
November 14, 2012

Abstract:
Attempt to regulate community-based watsan services in the legal framework faces considerable challenges. The first is the problem of defining and delienating the boundaries between “community-based” versus the so called “institution-based” (corporate water services). Second is the ambiguity of the concept of “community” and the lack of acknowledgement on community’s rights and previleges under national legal framework. Third, also related to the first challenge, is the potential of overlap between the regimes of corporate water utilities and that of the community based, where inevitably, one might be sacrificed at the expense of another. Fourth is the problem of sanction attached to the by-laws, such as in criminalizing open defecation. The Fifth is the problem of assets types and ownership. There appears to be unclarity on community assets ownership and this could mean that such assets are ownerless which renders it vulnerable to taking or confiscation from third parties. Finally, there is a problem with the national legal requirement to determine a “minimum service standard”.

 

Number of Pages in PDF File: 18

Keywords: water, governance, sanitation, law, legal, infrastructure, environment, public health, policy

working papers series

 

Download Link at SSRN Page.

 

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Review on Indonesian Regional by Law on Community-based Water and Sanitation

Friday, September 21, 2012

Mr. Al'Afghani has recently completed a review of a draft by-law on community-based watsan. The review is a collaboration between dropbydrop, Watsan Working Group of the East Nusa Tenggara Province, UNICEF and the Sikka Regency.


Most of the challenges found are due to ambiguities of the legal framework at the national level. The review highlighted the lack of acknowledgement towards community based watsan in national legislation.

Assets ownership is one of the major issue during the review. Neither the national policy nor the national legislation provide clarification as to the actual owner of the assets. There is a general understanding that the assets "belong to the community" but what "community" actually means is not clear in the legal framework.

One of the aspirations that develops during the review is that the assets should be owned by villages but operated by the communities. The review provide recommendation as to how this could be translated into provisions in a regional by law and also provide solution for ownership arrangements for entities other than villages.

The lack of clarification on assets ownerships would affect the sustainability and security of community based watsan, which is developed mostly through fundings from the World Bank, AusAid and various other institutions.

Some of the findings from the review is currently being discussed at the national level.

For further information please contact dropbydrop's senior water lawyer Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani: mova(at)alafghani(dot)info