Showing posts with label polychlorinated biphenyls. Show all posts
Showing posts with label polychlorinated biphenyls. Show all posts
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Apakah Perawatan Transformator Merupakan Jalan Masuk Kontaminasi PCB?

Wednesday, July 15, 2020

Selepas fase Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) industri berangsur-angsur memacu kegiatan produksi hingga dapat beroperasi hingga kapasitas penuh. Transformator listrik sebagai jantung penggerak mesin produksi tentunya juga akan beroperasi secara penuh sehingga mungkin akan membutuhkan perawatan setelah non-aktif selama beberapa waktu.
Perawatan transformator yang tidak sesuai prosedur diduga dapat mengakibatkan kontaminasi senyawa Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) terhadap transformator. Sebagaimana diketahui, senyawa PCBs telah dilarang di Indonesia. Merujuk peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, transformator yang terkontaminasi PCBs wajib dibersihkan dan/atau dimusnahkan sebelum tahun 2028 sehingga tentu akan menjadi beban ekonomi yang tidak sedikit bagi industri. Mencegah kontaminasi tentunya jauh lebih mudah dan ekonomis daripada menangani transformator yang terontaminasi PCBs.
Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance (CRPG) bekerja sama dengan PT. Ecoverse Indonesia Lestari (ECOVERSE) dan PT. Hyprowira Adhitama mengundang industri, khususnya Senior Manajemen dari Divisi/Bagian Kesehatan dan Keselematan Kerja dan Lingkungan (K3L) atau Health Safety and Environment (HSE) untuk menghadiri webinar guna membahas kemungkinan kontaminasi PCBs pada transformator listrik pada saat perawatan dan upaya pencegahannya. Webinar ini menghadirkan pakar dan praktisi yang telah berpengalaman dalam hal perawatan transformator dan pengelolaan PCBs.
Webinar akan diadakan pada:
Hari/Tanggal   : Rabu, 29 Juli 2020
Waktu              : 09.00 – 12.15 WIB
Link Registrasi : https://bit.ly/pcbperawatantrafo

Webinar ini tidak dipungut bayaran (gratis).

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CRPG Presentation at the 2018 Dioxin Conference

Thursday, August 30, 2018



CRPG Director Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani gave a presentation at the Dioxin 2018 Conference in Krakow, Poland. His presentation was based on an earlier publication: AlAfghani, MM and Paramita, D, "Regulatory Challenges in the Phasing-out of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Indonesia", the International Chemical Regulatory and Law Review 01/2018 https://doi.org/10.21552/icrl/2018/1/5

His conference presentation can be downloaded here.

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Mengenal Bahaya Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Wednesday, February 24, 2016


Polychorinated Biphenyls (PCB) dapat menyebabkan kanker, kemandulan, penyakit cardiovaskular, gangguan sistem syaraf, gangguan endokrin, gangguan imunitas dan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan lainnya. PCB -- karena sifat isolatornya -- banyak diganukan pada peralatan listrik seperti trafo, kapasitor, Air Conditioner.

Karena termasuk kedalam Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, tim dari CRPG, UNIDO dan KLH saat ini sedang memformulasikan regulasi dan ESM (environmentally sound management) PCB di Indonesia. Regulasi PCB akan memberikan dampak berbagai industri yang menggunaan peralatan tersebut, khususnya industri energi/ketenagalistrikan, pabrik-pabrik dan lain sebagainya.






Update lain dari CRPG tentang PCB:


Website KLH untuk PCB.

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PCB Regulations in European Union

Monday, February 22, 2016



PCB’s have long been recognised as posing a threat to the environment because of their toxicity, persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate (i.e. to build up in the bodies of animals, particularly at the top of the food chain). Although the use of PCBs has been reduced greatly since the 1970s it is recognised that those still remaining in existing equipment pose a continuing environmental threat.

In European Union, about Polychlorinated Byphenils (PCBs) is regulated through EC Directive 96/59 EC on the disposal of PCBs and Polychlorinated Terphenils (PCTs), which requires the preparation of national inventories and the labelling/disposal of all PCB holdings.

Also there are European Communities (Dangerous Substances and Preparations)(Marketing and Use) Regulations 2003.[1] These regulations implement Council Directives 85/467/EEC and 89/677/EEC in relation to polychlorinated biphenyls (except mono and dichlorinated biphenyls), PCTs, and preparations, including waste oils, with a PCB or PCT weight content higher than 0.005%. These substances may not be used, except in designated applications that were in service prior to 30 June 1986. Equipment and plant containing PCBs or PCTs are required to display instructions concerning disposal and maintenance and use of equipment and plant containing them.

Member states then implement this directive into their municipal laws and regulations.

Below are laws and regulations about PCBs in several member states of EU :

United Kingdom
1.      The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 requires employers to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable the health, safety and welfare of all their employees at work. You are required to co-operate with your employer, for example by using safety equipment and working methods as instructed.
2.      The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 (COSHH) place duties on employer to:
·         ensure that your exposure to PCBs is either prevented, or if this is not reasonably practicable, adequately controlled;
·         assess the risks to your health from PCBs and identify the measures which are needed to protect your health;
·         ensure that control measures are adequate and that you use them;
·         monitor your exposure;
·         provide you with information on the risks of PCBs and the steps which are necessary to protect your health.
Employer also have duties under COSHH to:
·         co-operate with your employer;
·         use protective measures and to report any defects.
3.      The Environmental Protection Act 1990 requires, amongst other things, waste holders to exercise a duty of care when disposing of certain materials.[2]

Ireland

The Waste Management (Hazardous Waste) Regulations 1998[3] of Ireland implement provisions of the EC Directive (96/59/EC) and sets out the requirements in terms of disposing of PCBs and registering holdings of PCBs. A holder of PCBs, used PCBs or contaminated equipment must:
1.      Decontaminate or dispose of used PCBs, contaminated equipment and the PCBs contained in such equipment as soon as possible. For contaminated equipment containing more than 5dm3 (5 litres) of PCBs:
·         By 31 December 2010, if the fluid content contains more than 0.05% by weight of PCBs. Transformers containing more than 0.05% by weight of PCBs must be decontaminated in accordance with a specific set of conditions;
·         At the end of its useful life if the fluid content contains between 0.005% and 0.05% by weight of PCBs.
2.      Label equipment containing more than 5 litres of PCBs and the doors of premises where such equipment is located. The labels must be indelible, easily visible and legible, stating that the equipment (or premises contain equipment) is “Contaminated by PCBs”. Where it is reasonable to assume that the fluid content of the equipment contains between 0.005% and 0.05% by weight of PCBs label as "PCBs contaminated 0.05%".
3.      Separate such PCBs or equipment from flammable materials and take precautions to avoid any risk of fire
4.      Operate a source separation program for equipment that contains less than 5 liters of PCBs and is a component of another piece of equipment, i.e., remove and arrange for the separate collection of such components with a view to their recovery or disposal.
5.      Give Notice to the EPA for all PCBs, used PCBs or contaminated equipment containing more than 5 litres of PCBs no later than the 1 September each year. To include: the name and address of the holder; the location and quantity of the PCBs or used PCBs; the location and description of the equipment; the quantity of PCBs contained in such equipment; the measures taken or proposed to be taken for the decontamination or disposal; and the date of giving such notice.
6.      Respect the prohibition of certain uses of PCBs:
o Importation, production or supply to another person of PCBs or contaminated equipment;
o Holding or use of PCBs or contaminated equipment, unless notified to the EPA;
o Separation of PCBs from other substances for the purpose of reusing the PCBs;
o Addition of PCBs to transformers or other equipment; and
o Maintenance of transformers containing PCBs, unless under certain circumstances






[1] “S.I. No. 220/2003 - European Communities (Dangerous Substances and Preparations) (Marketing and Use) Regulations 2003,” accessed February 23, 2016, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/220/made/en/print.
[2] “HSE - Publications: Do You Know How to Work Safely with PC...,” accessed February 23, 2016, http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/msa19.htm.
[3] “S.I. No. 163/1998 - Waste Management (Hazardous Waste) Regulations, 1998,” accessed February 23, 2016, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1998/si/163/made/en/print.

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Mengenal Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Thursday, February 18, 2016






Tahukah anda bahwa persistent organic pollutants dapat mengakibatkan berbagai masalah kesehatan diantaranya gangguan pada sistem hormon, gangguan pada sistem reproduksi, obesitas, penyakit kardiovaskuler serta penyakit jantung?

Apa itu Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)? POPs adalah bahan kimia yang berbahaya bagi manusia, hewan dan lingkungan. POPs memiliki beberapa sifat:  tahan urai (persistent), terakumulasi dalam tubuh dan beracun. 

Karena bahayanya, POPs diatur dalam Konvensi Stockholm. Berikut adalah contoh dari POPs, yang diberi nama "dirty dozen", yang merupakan 12 daftar bahan kimia pertama yang di klasifikasikan dalam Konvensi Stockholm. 


Berbagai negara telah meratifikasi Konvensi Stockholm, termasuk Indonesia.


CRPG pada saat ini sedang melakukan pengkajian regulasi bahan kimia di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai POPs dan PCB, bekerjasama dengan UNIDO dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.

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PCBs Regulations in United States of America

Saturday, February 13, 2016


In the USA, PCBs are regulated in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), acts that controls the usage of dangerous materials, like 15 U.S.C. §2601 et seq., as amended.

TSCA directs the Administrator of USEPA to promulgate regulations, using the least burdensome requirements possible, to govern the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of a chemical substance or mixture, or any combination of such activities, if there is a reasonable basis to conclude that such activity presents or will present an “unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.”  15 U.S.C. §2605(a).

One of the unique concepts in TSCA is the directive for USEPA to consider whether a risk is unreasonable in promulgating the regulations and in granting applications for alternative use, storage, and disposal options.  TSCA §6(e), 15 U.S.C. §2605(c).

 In evaluating whether or not a risk is reasonable, USEPA considers the probability that a regulatory action will harm health or the environment, and the costs and benefits to society that are likely to result from the action.  In other words, USEPA must protect against unreasonable risks from PCBs by providing cost-effective and environmentally protective options that reduce exposure to PCBs. 


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Getting to Know PCBs Regulations in Indonesia

Monday, February 8, 2016




What are PCBs?

Polychlorinated Byphenils, PCBs in short, are a group of man-made chemicals. PCBs have been widely used in the past, mainly in electronical equipments. The commercial production of PCBs started in 1929, but their use has been banned or restricted in many countries since the 1970s because of the possible risks to human health and environment.

PCBs are generally very stable, and are resistant to acids and bases as well as to heat. They have been used as an insulating material in electric equipment, such as transformers and capacitors. PCBs have also been used in wide range of products such as plasticizers, surface coatings, inks, and carbonless duplicating paper.
Since 1929 around 2 million tons of PCBs have been produced, and about 10% of which still remain today because of their stability.

PCBs can persist in the environment and accumulate in animals and along the food-chain. Humans may be exposed to PCBs by ingesting contaminated food and water or inhaling contaminated air. In the human body PCBs can remain in fatty tissues and in the liver and may be transferred from mother to child through the placenta or breast milk. The speed at which PCBs are transformed in the body and the extent to which they are either stored or excreted depend on the type of PCB.
Studies on humans and animals have shown harmful effects on fertility. Furthermore,of the child during pregnancy or through breast-feeding can affect its development. Effects on the immune system have been observed in animals, in children exposed to PCBs during development in the womb, and in adults exposed through PCB-contaminated food. Groups of workers that have been exposed to high levels of PCBs



PCBs Regulations in Indonesia

In Indonesia, there is no regulations that specifically regulates PCBs. PCBs are categorized as hazardous and toxic substances (limbah B3). In general, the regulations can be found in Law No. 32/2009 about Environmental Protection Management, GR No. 74/2001 on Hazardous Toxic and Substance Management, GR No. 101/2014 on Hazardous Waste and Toxic Management.

Gap Analysis and Recommendations
However, there still are many holes in the term of PCBs, such as :
1. The existing regulations do not have clear definitions regarding articles and/or equipment containing/contaminated with PCBs as a hazardous materials.
2. They do not have clear status regarding articles and/prg equipment containing/contaminated with PCBs, whether should it be treated as hazardous waste, prohibited to be imported, or hazardous materials, etc.
3. There is no regulation that specifically prohibits, control, and regulate the distribution, and import of PCBs mixture, and equipment that containing/contaminated with PCBs to Indonesia, as GR No. 74/2001 only regulates about PCBs as chemicals.
4. There has not been guideline standard (e.g SNI) on regarding PCBs treshold limit in the equipment/articles.
5. The policy regarding to PCB management is not yet related with different sector and ministries
6. Lastly, there has not been any policy regarding unintentional release of PCB to the environments.

Regarding to those matters, we recommend :
1. For government to issue regulations that specifically prohibits the import of PCB (as chemical substance);
2.To clarify the status of articles and/or equipment containing/contaminated with PCBs. Whether should it be treated as hazardous waste, prohibited to be imported, etc.;
3. To formulate standard regarding the PCBs threshold limit in equipment/articles (especially in the consumer products);
4. To formulate a guideline regarding the environmentally sound management of PCBs (the technical one);
5. To formulate policy and measures to reduce or eliminate PCBs releases from unintentional production;
6. To discuss the role and function of B3 commission in this matter;
7. To discuss whether there is a discretion for specific ministry to prohibit the import/use/distribution of new PoP's subtance.




References :
Internal source
What are PCBs, accessed from http://www.greenfacts.org/en/pcbs/l-2/1-polychlorinated-biphenyls.htm#0 on Feb 6th, 2016